GenICam标准：统一相机编程接口的2.1.1版详解

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GenICam标准是一个旨在为各类相机提供统一编程接口的行业规范，针对当前机器视觉系统中日益复杂的相机功能需求。该标准版本为2.1.1，其目标是简化开发者在不同类型的相机上进行编程和交互的工作，无论这些相机使用何种传输协议或内置特定功能。 GenICam标准的核心组成部分包括以下几个方面： 1. **概述 (OVERVIEW)**: 提供了一个全面的视角，介绍GenICam标准的目的、原则以及如何帮助用户高效地与相机进行通信。 2. **GenAPI模块 - 配置相机**: 这部分介绍了如何通过GenICam API来配置相机，包括设置和获取相机参数、控制相机操作和状态。它详细解释了基本的结构，如节点（Nodes）、接口（Interfaces）和抽象特征（Abstract Features），这些都是统一编程接口的关键元素。 - **节点 (Node)**: 指的是相机中的功能或实体，如曝光时间、焦距等，它们可以进一步细分为不同的类别。 - **接口 (Interface)**: 定义了节点之间的交互方式，用于访问和控制节点的功能。 - **抽象特征 (Abstract Features)**: 代表相机的通用特性，开发者可以通过这些特征来实现对各种相机功能的标准化操作。 3. **获取和设置值 (GETTING AND SETTING VALUES)**: 提供了指导如何通过API正确读取和修改相机参数的方法，强调了访问模式（Access Mode）的重要性。 4. **缓存机制 (CACHING)**: 规定了如何利用缓存技术提高程序性能，减少不必要的数据交换。 5. **版本管理和识别 (Versioning and Identifying)**: GenICam强调版本控制，确保兼容性和稳定性。版本号管理涉及Schema和Camera Description File，同时还介绍如何识别和缓存这些文件。 6. **节点类型 (AVAILABLE NODE TYPES)**: 分类详述了多种节点类型，如Node、Category、Register、Arrays and Selectors等，涵盖了各种数据类型，如整数、浮点数、枚举、字符串等，以及特殊功能节点，如命令执行和配置存储区。通过GenICAM标准，开发者可以编写跨平台的应用程序，而不必为每种特定相机型号定制代码。这显著提高了机器视觉系统的可扩展性、易用性和互操作性，推动了整个行业的技术进步。

Version 2.1.1

Standard

GenICam_Standard_v2_1_1.pdf.doc Page 10 of 57

“Example01” from vendor “Test” in this case). The other attributes are explained later in

section 2.7.

Inside the <RegisterDescription> element, the nodes are lying in a flat order. Each node has a

unique Name attribute and can be linked by sub-elements named pRole containing the Name

of some other node.

Each node has an optional <ToolTip> element that contains a short description. The Gain

node has additional elements that depend on its actual IntReg type and tells us, for example,

the Address of the register or its Length. The default value is an empty string.

Typically, an implementation will create one software object per node and will link these

objects together according to the logical links described in the XML file.

The nodes can

either be retrieved by their (unique) name or can be found by traversing the node graph

starting with the root node. Once the user has a pointer to the node, he can access that feature

through the node object's programming interface.

The syntax of the XML file is defined in the XML schema given by the schemaLocation-

attribute. The schema is part of the standard. This document explains the ideas and overall

structure of GenICam. The schema and its embedded reference documentation describe the

formal details. In case of doubt, the schema’s content overrides the content of this text.

The file location http://www.genicam.org/GenApi/GenApiSchema_Version_1_1.xsd is

mandatory for the camera configuration file but can be overridden at runtime.

2.3 Nodes, Interfaces, and Abstract Features

Each node in the camera description file describes a single item. Depending on the item’s

nature, the node is of a specific node type and has a specific interface. The following

interfaces are currently available

(each one is given with the typical widget used to map it on

a graphical user interface):

 IInteger – maps to a slider with value, min, max, and increment

 IFloat – maps to a slider with value, min, and max plus a physical unit.

 IString – maps to an edit box showing a string

 IEnumeration – maps to a drop down box

 ICommand – maps to a command button

 IBoolean – maps to a check box

 IRegister – maps to an edit box showing a hex string

 ICategory – maps to an entry in a tree structuring the camera's features

 IPort – maps to the camera port and is typically not shown graphically

The actual implementation may split some of the XML nodes into a set of multiple

implementation nodes.

This list contains only interfaces representing a specific type. The reference implementation

contains more interfaces.

Version 2.1.1

Standard

GenICam_Standard_v2_1_1.pdf.doc Page 11 of 57

The signature of the interfaces is given in more detail in section 2.9. The available node types

are described in section 2.8. There might be multiple node types implementing the same

interface type. The IInteger interface, for example, is (among others) implemented by the

following node types:

 IntReg – extracts an integer lying byte-bounded in a register

 MaskedIntReg – extracts an integer packed into a register, e.g., from bit 8 to bit 12

 Integer – merges the integer’s value, min, max, and increment properties from different

nodes

Each node type extracts an integer from different sources in a different way. The output of all

of these nodes, however, can be used as type-safe input for all links where an integer is

required.

Abstract features are always described in terms of an interface type, a name, and a

meaning. For example, the Gain (name) of a camera might be defined as an IInteger

(interface type) and might describe the amplification inside a camera (meaning). Note that

other possible definitions exist, e.g., the Gain could be defined as an IEnumeration or as an

IFloat.

2.4 Getting and Setting Values

When the user reads or writes the value of a node, this node will trigger a cascade of read and

write operations within the node graph. To illustrate this, Figure 4 shows a more elaborate

example for the Gain feature. The Gain feature is exposed via an IInteger interface that lets

the user get and set the feature's Value and lets her read (among other things) the feature's Min

and Max value. The example in Figure 4 assumes that the camera has three registers, one for

the Gain Value itself, one for its Min value, and one for its Max value. From each of these

registers, the corresponding value is extracted using an IntReg node. The Integer node with

the name Gain then collects the data and merges them, exposing the results with an IInteger

interface.

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