ECG:自动提取克隆代码族谱，提升软件可维护性分析

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本文档探讨的主题是"自动提取克隆族谱以分析软件演化过程"，发表在2017年的《国际安全与应用期刊》(International Journal of Security and Its Applications)第11卷第3期，由Chen Zhuo、Zhang Li-ping 和 Hou Min三位作者共同完成。克隆代码是指由于复制粘贴操作而产生的重复或相似的代码片段，这些代码的大量存在被认为是降低软件可维护性的重要因素。为了有效应对这一问题，作者们开发了一种名为ECG（Clone Genealogy Extractor）的工具，其主要功能是精确且快速地识别和构建两类克隆代码：Type-1克隆和Type-2a克隆。 Type-1克隆通常指完全相同的代码块，它们的出现可能源于开发者无意间的复制，或者在重构过程中未能消除冗余。这种类型的克隆对于软件维护来说是个挑战，因为它们可能导致错误的修改影响整个代码库，增加维护成本。 Type-2a克隆则是指部分相似但不完全相同的代码片段，它们可能是在不同的时间点由不同的开发者独立编写，但由于实现相似的功能而产生了相似的代码。这类克隆虽然不会像Type-1那样直接引发问题，但过多的Type-2a克隆也可能导致代码库结构混乱，使得理解和维护变得复杂。作者们开发的ECG工具通过先进的算法和技术，能够有效地扫描和分析源代码，找出这些克隆代码，并生成详细的克隆族谱。族谱可以帮助软件开发团队理解代码的重复程度，评估其对项目的影响，以及制定相应的优化策略。通过这种方式，ECG有助于提升软件的可维护性和整体质量。这篇研究论文强调了在软件开发和维护过程中，理解和管理克隆代码的重要性，并提供了一种实用的方法来自动化这个过程。论文还引用了DOI链接（http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2017.11.3.08），供读者进一步查阅详细内容。这项研究为软件工程领域的代码管理和质量控制提供了有价值的参考。

International Journal of Security and Its Applications

Vol. 11, No. 3 (2017)

2. Related Work

2.1 Definition and Classification of Clones

The definition of code clone is widely adopted as similar syntax and semantic features

of code segment at present [3]. A clone pair is the two fragments that are similar to each

other in the same version of system. Two or more similar code segments form a clone

group. Clone group mapping reflects the change process from a previous version to the

current version. In current research, there are two main classification approaches [4]:

similarity degree and granularity of code segment. According to the text similarity of

source code, the clone is divided into Type-1 to Type-4 clone. Type-1 to Type-3 clone

reflects the degree of similarity in grammar, and Type-4 reflects the semantic similarity.

The size of the code segment is divided into files, blocks, functions, classes and

statements.

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){

sum=sum+i;

prod=prod*i;

foo(sum, prod);

}

for(int j=1;j<=t;j++){

s=s+j;

p=p*j;

foo(s,p);

}

(Identifier rename)

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){

sum=sum+i;

prod=prod*i;

foo(sum, prod);

}

(Copy and paste operation)

int i=0; while(i<=n)

{ sum=sum+i;

prod=prod*i;

foo(sum, prod);

i++; }

(Same function)

Type-1 Type-4

Type-2 Type-3

for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){

sum=sum+i;

prod=prod*i;

foo(prod);

}

(Insert and delete operation)

Figure 1. Clone Type Definition and Classification

2.2. Clone Tracking

Cloning mapping needed to be established before extract clone genealogy, the accuracy

of clone mapping directly affects the whole study results. Therefore, it is very important

for clone evolution study.

Hotta et al. [5] proposed an approach to track the clone in evolutionary system.

According to the clone region descriptors (CRD), they described the clone mapping

relationship from the clone text content and the file location. Although the approach could

map clone that had changed positions, the false positive rate is higher.

Bakota et al. [6] proposed a mapping approach based on abstract syntax tree, this

approach mapped clone according to the file name, location, and clone distances.

Although this approach can map clones in multiple versions, but a large number of similar

features increase their time consumption.

Thummalapenta S et al. [7] proposed an approach based on the modified log to

tracking clone relationship. To obtain system modification log from the CVS code library,

the first version as the origin, to calculate the changes in the subsequent version, so as to

get the mapping relationship. However, due to the origin of the version of the standard, so

the new clone cannot be studied in the subsequent version.

Saha et al. [8] conduct the function mapping between versions according to the name

and file path, then to map clone from the detection results. Although this approach can

improve the running time, it is easy to be affected by the change in the position of the

clone.

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