Improvements in a-plane GaN crystal quality by AlN/AlGaN
superlattices layers
S.R. Xu
, Y. Hao, J.C. Zhang, X.W. Zhou, L.A. Yang, J.F. Zhang, H.T. Duan, Z.M. Li, M. Wei, S.G. Hu,
Y.R. Cao, Q.W. Zhu, Z.H. Xu, W.P. Gu
Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National on Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Technology School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
article info
Article history:
Received 19 December 2008
Received in revised form
2 April 2009
Accepted 26 May 2009
Communicated by R.M. Biefeld
Available online 6 June 2009
PACS:
81.15.Kk
78.55.Cr
Keywords:
A1. Crystal morphology
A3. Metal-organic chemical vapor
deposition
B1. Nitrides
B1. Semiconducting III–V materials
abstract
Non-polar (11 2
¯
0) a-plane GaN films have been grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapor deposition
on r-plane (11
¯
0 2) sapphire substrate. We report on an approach of using AlN/AlGaN superlattices (SLs)
for crystal quality improvement of a-plane GaN on r-plane sapphire. Using X-ray diffraction and atomic
force microscopy measurements, we show that the insertion of AlN/AlGaN SLs improves crystal quality,
reduces surface roughness effectively and elimina tes triangular pits on the surface completely.
& 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
GaN-based semiconductors and their heterostructures have
recently attracted considerable interests due to their potential for
visible or ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes
(LDs) and high-power transistors grown on either c-plane
sapphire or SiC [1,2]. The spontaneous and piezoelectric polariza-
tion fields present in nitride heterostructures, while typically
being advantageous in electronic devices such as nitride-based
field effect transistors, and the strong electric field produced by
spontaneous and strain-induced piezoelectric polarizations is in the
c-axis oriented hexagonal GaN [3,4]. These polarization fields are
undesirable for light-emitting devices whose active regions consist
of quantum wells, because the associated electric fields separate the
electrons and holes at the opposite interface of the well and reduce
the over lap of their wa v e functions, and then r esults in a reduction of
the recombination efficiency in light-emitting devices and a red-
shift of the emission wavelength [5]. To eliminate the internal
polarization fields, group-III nitride layers have been recently grown
on non-polar planes, such as a- or m-plane. In this case, there are no
polarization fields perpendicular to the lay er interfaces, because the
polar c-axis lies within the growth plane [6–8]. Howev er, ext ended
defect densities in non-polar (11 2
¯
0) a-plane GaN are very high.
With two-step lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) method, it is
possible to effectivel y reduce the defect densities throughout the
film. But the two-step LEO method involves three growth steps and
two processing steps [9,10]. The insertion of AlN/AlGaN superlattices
(SLs) have been used to grow deep ultra violet GaN-based LED
materials on c-plane sapphire, which can eliminate cracking through
strain management and significantly decrease threading dislocation
density by acting as an effective dislocation filt er [11–13].Butthis
method has never been used in the growth of non-polar (11 2
¯
0)
a-plane GaN. Because of the difference in t hermal e xpansion
coefficients between sapphire and GaN, and the different lattice
mismatch along the two main in-plane directions, the strain rev eals
significant anisotropic correlation to the growth anisotropic [1 4 ,15].
In the paper, a-plane GaN films were grown on r-plane
sapphire with AlN/AlGaN strain-management SLs layers by
metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Using X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measure-
ments, we show that the insertion of AlN/AlGaN SLs effectively
improves crystal quality, reduces surface roughness and elim-
inates triangular pits on the surface.
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcrysgro
Journal of Crystal Growth
0022-0248/$ - see front matter & 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.05.028
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shengruixidian@126.com (S.R. Xu).
Journal of Crystal Growth 311 (2009) 3622–3625