使用XC8编程8位PIC微控制器实战指南

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"Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8--2018" 是一本专注于使用XC8编译器开发基于8位PIC微控制器的嵌入式系统的书籍。作者Armstrong Subero通过实践方法，让读者无需深入复杂的数学和命令行知识，也能理解和掌握现代PIC微控制器的使用。书中还介绍了MPLAB X的优势，它能在Windows、MAC和Linux环境下运行，简化了开发环境的设置，使开发者可以更多地关注应用程序本身。在本书中，你将学习到的关键知识点包括： 1. **PIC微控制器基础**：了解8位PIC微控制器的基本结构和工作原理，包括它们的寄存器配置、中断系统和内部硬件资源。 2. **XC8编译器**：XC8是Microchip公司为PIC微控制器设计的一种高级编程语言编译器。你将学习如何使用XC8进行代码编写，理解其语法特性和优化技巧，以便编写高效、可读性强的代码。 3. **MPLAB X集成开发环境**：MPLAB X是Microchip提供的一个强大的开发工具，支持多平台运行。学习如何使用MPLAB X进行项目管理、代码编辑、编译、调试等任务，以及如何配置和使用各种外设库。 4. **嵌入式系统开发**：理解嵌入式系统的概念，如何将软件与硬件结合，实现特定功能。这包括输入输出(I/O)管理、定时器和计数器的使用、串行通信协议如UART和SPI等。 5. **电路设计与接口**：学习如何设计简单的电路来连接传感器、执行器和其他外部设备，并与PIC微控制器进行通信。 6. **程序调试与测试**：掌握使用MPLAB X的调试工具，如模拟器和硬件调试器，对程序进行调试和问题定位的方法。 7. **实例分析**：书中可能会包含多个实际项目案例，通过这些案例，读者可以学习如何将理论知识应用于实际问题解决。 8. **版本控制与项目管理**：虽然描述中未明确提及，但现代开发实践中，版本控制（如Git）和良好的项目管理习惯是必不可少的，因此这部分知识也可能被涵盖。通过这本书的学习，无论是初学者还是有一定经验的开发者，都能提升自己在嵌入式系统特别是基于PIC微控制器领域的技能，更好地利用XC8和MPLAB X工具进行高效的开发工作。

xvi

What Will YouLearn inThis Book?

This book consists of 15 chapters that will help you get on your way to

programming PICⓇ microcontrollers in XC8.

• Chapter 1 looks at setting up shop, including the

hardware and software necessary to get the most out of

this book.

• Chapter 2 covers the basics of the C programming

language.

• Chapter 3 reviews the basics of electronics.

• Chapter 4 presents the basics of PICⓇ microcontrollers

and looks at the PIC16F1717.

• Chapter 5 covers the basics of connecting your PICⓇ

microcontroller to your computer.

• Chapter 6 presents the basics of I/O, including PPS,

interfacing LEDs, push buttons, and seven segment

displays.

• Chapter 7 demonstrates using actuators, DC motors,

servos, and stepper motors.

• Chapter 8 examines the use of interrupts, timers,

counters, and PWM.

• Chapter 9 presents the use of serial communication

protocols, including USART with GPS and GSM, SPI,

and I2C.

• Chapter 10 looks at using displays including the

SSD1306 and Nextion touch screen displays.

InTroduCTIonInTroduCTIon

People familiar with programming place emphasis on writing

programs, while people with a background in electronics place emphasis

on building the circuits for the controllers. I have found that both are

equally important and, as you follow along with this book, remember that

not everything can be solved using software. If you correctly learn how

the hardware operates, you could potentially write very little code that

combines hardware in unique ways to get the desired result.

Let’s jump into it and look at the things you will need.

Microcontroller

Although the book generally assumes that you have some experience

with microcontrollers, this section reviews the basic microcontroller

technology. Read this section thoroughly if you’re a first-time user of

microcontrollers. The information you learn in this section will not only

be applicable to PIC® microcontrollers, but also to other microcontrollers

you may use.

General-purpose computers such as the smartphones, tablets, laptops,

and desktops are designed to perform a variety of tasks. A laptop or tablet

can be used to read books, watch movies, and even write programs and

web applications. This is because they were designed for that purpose,

thanks to the integration of the microprocessors into these units that allow

them to perform these many different tasks.

The microprocessor, however, is not an island. It is dependent on

supporting circuitry in order to work properly. These include RAM chips,

SSD, and other peripherals. While it is revolutionary, the strength of the

microprocessor is also its shortcoming. Although it can perform general

tasks, it may not be the best solution for performing a single task.

Let’s take the example of an electric toothbrush. If we want to design

a basic electric toothbrush, then some basic considerations must go into

its function. The toothbrush must turn on a motor when the user pushes a

button and alert the user if they have been brushing their teeth too long. In

Chapter 1 preparing forDevelopment

such an instance, a minimum of processing power is needed to adequately

perform this task. Yes, it is possible to program a board that contains a

4GHz 64-bit processor with 16GB of RAM running the latest OS to do this

task, but that would be akin to using a lawnmower to shave your legs. It

would be better for many reasons to use a microcontroller.

So what exactly is a microcontroller? A microcontroller is a self-

contained unit that has a microprocessor with RAM, ROM, I/O, and a

host of other peripherals onboard. Thus a microcontroller contains all the

processing power necessary to perform the specific task at hand and that

task alone. Back to the toothbrush example, it would be more feasible to

use a 4-bit microcontroller with a few bytes of RAM and ROM to check

the switch, turn on the motor, keep track of how long the user has been

brushing, and sound an alarm if that time exceeds some preset value.

Microcontrollers are used for applications that have specific

requirements such as low-cost, low-power consumption and systems that

require real-time performance. It is thanks to these features that a world

where computers are becoming increasingly ubiquitous is now possible.

At the time of writing, there are 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-bit microcontrollers.

Anyone looking to start a new design should realistically choose an 8-bit

or a 32-bit microcontroller. Large volume, low-cost, and lowest power

consumption 8-bit devices generally tend to have an edge. Whereas

for higher performance applications, 32-bit devices are the obvious

choice. It is very important that you do not get attached to one particular

microcontroller. There are people who insist that they can do anything

with 8-bits, whereas others only use 32-bit parts. You must realize that

microcontrollers are simply tools applied to the particular task, so it stands

to reason that some tasks are better suited to 8-bit microcontrollers and

others to 32-bit ones.

The microcontroller we use in this book is the 8-bit PIC16F1717

(see Figure1-1). The PIC® microcontroller was chosen because it has a

relatively simple architecture. Once you understand 8-bit PIC®

microcontrollers, it’s easy to understand more complex micros. I chose this

Chapter 1 preparing forDevelopment

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