Linux壳脚本编程实战：第2版精华

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"PacktPub.Linux.Shell.Scripting.Cookbook.2nd.Edition.May.2013.pdf" 《Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook 第二版》是2013年由Shantanu Tushar和Sarath Lakshman合著的一本关于Shell脚本编程的实用指南。这本书提供了超过110个实际问题的解决方案，旨在帮助读者解决与Shell脚本相关的各种难题，让读者对Shell脚本的依赖程度达到前所未有的水平。在Linux操作系统中，Shell脚本是一种强大的工具，它允许用户通过编写命令行指令来自动化日常任务。这本书针对初学者和有经验的脚本编写者，涵盖了从基础到高级的各种主题，包括但不限于： 1. **Shell基础**：介绍如何创建基本的Shell脚本，理解变量、条件语句、循环结构以及函数的使用。 2. **命令行接口**：讲解如何与Linux系统交互，包括文件和目录管理、输入/输出重定向以及管道操作。 3. **正则表达式**：解释如何使用正则表达式进行文本匹配和处理，这对于数据提取和过滤非常有用。 4. **脚本调试与优化**：提供技巧和方法来调试脚本，确保其正确运行，并提高脚本的效率。 5. **错误处理与异常控制**：讨论如何处理脚本中的错误，以及如何使用陷阱（trap）和其他机制来优雅地处理异常情况。 6. **脚本模块化与函数库**：介绍如何创建可重用的代码块，以及如何组织和管理这些代码。 7. **脚本安全**：讲解如何保护脚本免受恶意攻击，包括权限管理、输入验证和安全最佳实践。 8. **脚本自动化**：讨论如何将脚本集成到工作流程中，如通过cron定时任务执行，以及与其他系统服务的交互。 9. **案例研究**：通过真实的例子来展示如何解决实际工作中的问题，例如系统监控、日志分析和自动化部署。 10. **高级Shell特性**：涵盖如进程控制、信号处理、函数指针等高级主题，帮助读者深入理解Shell的复杂性。这本书不仅适合想要提升Shell脚本技能的系统管理员，也适合任何需要在Linux环境中自动化任务的开发者或运维人员。通过学习书中的实例和技巧，读者将能够更有效地利用Shell脚本提高工作效率，减少手动操作，从而在工作中取得更大的成就。

iii

Table of Contents

Removing a sentence in a le containing a word 178

Replacing a pattern with text in all the les in a directory 180

Text slicing and parameter operations 181

Chapter 5: Tangled Web? Not At All! 183

Introduction 184

Downloading from a web page 184

Downloading a web page as plain text 187

A primer on cURL 188

Accessing Gmail e-mails from the command line 192

Parsing data from a website 194

Image crawler and downloader 195

Web photo album generator 198

Twitter command-line client 201

Creating a "dene" utility by using the Web backend 206

Finding broken links in a website 209

Tracking changes to a website 211

Posting to a web page and reading the response 214

Chapter 6: The Backup Plan 217

Introduction 217

Archiving with tar 218

Archiving with cpio 224

Compressing data with gzip 226

Archiving and compressing with zip 230

Faster archiving with pbzip2 231

Creating lesystems with compression 232

Backup snapshots with rsync 234

Version control based backup with Git 237

Creating entire disk images with fsarchiver 240

Chapter 7: The Old-boy Network 243

Introduction 243

Setting up the network 244

Let us ping! 250

Listing all the machines alive on a network 254

Running commands on a remote host with SSH 257

Transferring les through the network 261

Connecting to a wireless network 265

Password-less auto-login with SSH 267

Port forwarding using SSH 269

Mounting a remote drive at a local mount point 270

Network trafc and port analysis 271

Preface

GNU/Linux is one of the most powerful and exible operating systems in the world. In

modern computing, there is absolutely no space where it is not used—from servers, portable

computers, mobile phones, tablets to supercomputers, everything runs Linux. While there

are beautiful and modern graphical interfaces available for it, the shell still remains the most

exible way of interacting with the system.

In addition to executing individual commands, a shell can follow commands from a script,

which makes it very easy to automate tasks. Examples of such tasks are preparing reports,

sending e-mails, performing maintenance, and so on. This book is a collection of chapters

which contain recipes to demonstrate real-life usages of commands and shell scripts. You can

use these as a reference, or an inspiration for writing your own scripts. The tasks will range

from text manipulation to performing network operations to administrative tasks.

As with everything, the shell is only as awesome as you make it. When you become an expert

at shell scripting, you can use the shell to the fullest and harness its true power. Linux Shell

Scripting Cookbook shows you how to do exactly that!

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Shell Something Out, is an introductory chapter for understanding the basic

concepts and features in Bash. We discuss printing text in the terminal, doing mathematical

calculations, and other simple functionalities provided by Bash.

Chapter 2, Have a Good Command, shows commonly used commands that are available

with GNU/Linux. This chapter travels through different practical usage examples that users

may come across and that they could make use of. In addition to essential commands, this

second edition talks about cryptographic hashing commands and a recipe to run commands

in parallel, wherever possible.

Chapter 3, File In, File Out, contains a collection of recipes related to les and lesystems.

This chapter explains how to generate large-size les, installing a lesystem on les, mounting

les, and creating ISO images. We also deal with operations such as nding and removing

duplicate les, counting lines in a le collecting details about les, and so on.

Preface

Chapter 4, Texting and Driving, has a collection of recipes that explains most of the command-

line text processing tools well under GNU/Linux with a number of task examples. It also has

supplementary recipes for giving a detailed overview of regular expressions and commands

such as sed and awk. This chapter goes through solutions to most of the frequently used text

processing tasks in a variety of recipes. It is an essential read for any serious task.

Chapter 5, Tangled Web? Not At All!, has a collection of shell-scripting recipes that talk to

services on the Internet. This chapter is intended to help readers understand how to interact

with the Web using shell scripts to automate tasks such as collecting and parsing data

from web pages. This is discussed using POST and GET to web pages, writing clients to web

services. The second edition uses new authorization mechanisms such as OAuth for services

such as Twitter.

Chapter 6, The Backup Plan, shows several commands used for performing data back up,

archiving, compression, and so on. In addition to faster compression techniques, this second

edition also talks about creating entire disk images.

Chapter 7, The Old-boy Network, has a collection of recipes that talks about networking on

Linux and several commands useful for writing network-based scripts. The chapter starts

with an introductory basic networking primer and goes on to cover usages of ssh – one of

the most powerful commands on any modern GNU/Linux system. We discuss advanced port

forwarding, setting up raw communication channels, conguring the rewall, and much more.

Chapter 8, Put on the Monitor's Cap, walks through several recipes related to monitoring

activities on the Linux system and tasks used for logging and reporting. The chapter explains

tasks such as calculating disk usage, monitoring user access, and CPU usage. In this second

edition, we also learn how to optimize power consumption, monitor disks, and check their

lesystems for errors.

Chapter 9, Administration Calls, has a collection of recipes for system administration.

This chapter explains different commands to collect details about the system and user

management using scripting. We also discuss bulk image resizing and accessing MySQL

databases from the shell. New in this edition is that we learn how to use the GNU Screen to

manage multiple terminals without needing a window manager.

What you need for this book

Basic user experience with any GNU/Linux platform will help you easily follow the book. We

have tried to keep all the recipes in the book precise and as simple to follow as possible. Your

curiosity for learning with the Linux platform is the only prerequisite for the book. Step-by-step

explanations are provided for solving the scripting problems explained in the book. In order to

run and test the examples in the book, a Ubuntu/Debian Linux installation is recommended,

however, any other Linux distribution is enough for most of the tasks. You will nd the book to

be a straightforward reference to essential shell-scripting tasks, as well as a learning aid to

code real-world efcient scripts.

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