JacORB 3.6编程入门指南

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"JacORB3.6编程指南是Java CORBA编程的一份入门文档，由JacORB团队在2015年2月16日发布。文档由多个贡献者共同编写，包括Alexander Bykov、Alphonse Bendt、Gerald Brose等人。这份指南涵盖了从项目历史、支持信息到安装、配置等多个方面，旨在帮助开发者开始使用JacORB这一开源的CORBA实现。 CORBA（Common Object Request Broker Architecture）是一种中间件技术，它允许不同操作系统、网络环境下的对象相互通信，实现分布式计算。JacORB是Java平台上的一个CORBAORB（对象请求代理），提供了对CORBA标准的实现，使得Java开发者能够利用CORBA的功能。 1. **项目历史** - JacORB的项目历史部分可能介绍了其起源、发展和主要版本的变更，这对于理解其功能和成熟度至关重要。 2. **支持** - 提供了关于项目支持的信息，可能包括社区支持、官方文档、邮件列表或论坛，这些资源对于解决使用过程中遇到的问题非常有用。 3. **捐赠与开发贡献** - 文档鼓励用户通过捐赠或参与开发来支持项目，这可能是社区驱动项目维持和改进的方式之一。 4. **反馈与bug报告** - 指南中应该有如何向项目团队提供反馈和报告问题的指导，这是确保软件质量和用户体验的关键环节。 5. **安装JacORB** - 安装章节详细说明了如何下载和安装JacORB，包括必要的系统需求、安装步骤、库文件、依赖关系以及自建 JacORB 的过程。这对于首次使用者来说是非常实用的。 6. **版本管理** - 介绍了JacORB的版本控制策略，可能包括版本号的含义、兼容性政策以及如何选择合适的版本。 7. **配置** - 配置部分是了解JacORB如何工作的关键，它涵盖了配置机制，如属性文件、命令行参数以及初始化ORB时的参数。此外，还讨论了多种配置选项，如初始引用、异常事件插件、字符集、类型代码压缩、CORBA对象键、IORMutator和监听端点等，这些都是定制ORB行为的重要手段。 8. **初始引用** - 是ORB启动时所需的对象引用，可以是服务或者服务器的引用，它们定义了ORB启动时的行为。 9. **AcceptorExceptionEventPlugin** - 可能是一个插件，用于处理ORB接受连接时的异常情况，提供错误处理和恢复机制。 10. **代码集** - 关系到ORB支持的字符编码，对于跨语言、跨平台的通信特别重要。 11. **CompactingTypecodes** - 优化型码类型，可以减小ORB传输的数据量，提高效率。 12. **CORBA对象键** - 用于唯一标识ORB中的对象，是对象引用的一部分。 13. **IORMutator** - 可能涉及IOR（对象引用来识别CORBA对象）的修改，可能用于定制对象的表示或安全设置。 14. **监听端点** - ORB监听并响应连接请求的网络地址，是ORB网络通信的基础。这份指南为Java开发者提供了全面的参考资料，无论是在理解CORBA概念还是在实际操作JacORB时，都能提供宝贵的指导。

18 Conﬁguration

JacORB looks for the common properties ﬁle orb.properties in the following places:

1. in the lib directory of the JDK installation. (The JDK’s home directory denoted by the

system property ”java.home”).

2. in the user home directory. (This is denoted by the system property ”user.home”. On

Windows, this is c:\documents\username, on Unixes it’s ˜user. If in doubt where

your home directory is, write a small Java programm that prints out this property.

3. on the class path.

The common properties ﬁle is searched in the order presented above, so you may actually be

loading multiple ﬁles of this name. If a properties ﬁle is found it is loaded, and any property

values deﬁned in this ﬁle will override values of the same property that were loaded earlier.

Loading properties ﬁles from the classpath is useful when distributing applications packaged in

JAR ﬁles.

The ORB properties ﬁle

Having ORB-speciﬁc properties ﬁles is necessary when multiple ORB instances live in the same

process, but need to have separate conﬁgurations, e.g., some ORBs use SSL and others don’t,

or some ORBs need to listen on separate but predeﬁned ports. To let colocated ORBs use and

retrieve separate conﬁgurations, JacORB provides a lookup mechanisms based on a speciﬁc

property, the ORBid property. The default value for the ORBid is jacorb, ie. is the ORBid

is not explicitly set anywhere, it defaults to jacorb. Note that this ORBid is reserved, ie.,

you cannot explicitly set your ORBid to this value. To use different conﬁgurations for different

ORBs, you simply pass different ORBid values to your ORBs.

JacORB looks for ORB properties ﬁles in these places:

1. jacorb.config.dir/etc/orbid.properties., if that exists, or

2. jacorb.home/etc/orbid.properties., or

3. the current directory (’./orbid.properties.’)

4. on the class path.

The jacorb.config.dir and jacorb.home properties must be set for JacORB to be

able to use a preconﬁgured conﬁguration directory. The jacorb.home property defaults to

‘‘.’’, if unset. Setting these properties can be done in the orb.properties ﬁle, or by

passing a property in on the commandline, like this:

$ jaco -Djacorb.config.dir=c:/ -DORBid=example test.Example

This commandline causes JacORB to look for a ﬁle called example.properties in

c:/etc. If the -DORBid=example had been ommitted, the name of the ORB properties

ﬁle that JacORB would try to load would have been jacorb.properties, because that is

the default value for the ORBid. A good starting point is to have a common properties ﬁle that

3.1 Conﬁguration Mechanism 19

sets the jacorb.config.dir property, and then have put a jacorb.properties ﬁle in

that directory.

Note, however, that the added ﬂexibility of using multiple conﬁguration ﬁles may lead to indi-

vidual properties deﬁned in multiple ﬁles. You must know the order in which your conﬁguration

ﬁles are loaded to avoid confusion over property settings not having the expected effect!

Custom properties ﬁles

In addition to the standard JacORB properties ﬁles, a custom properties ﬁle can be loaded by

passing the name of that properties ﬁles the custom.props property to JacORB. This can be

handy for application-speciﬁc settings that you want to distribute with your code.

The value of this property is the path to a properties ﬁle, which contains the properties you

want to load. As an example, imagine that you usually use plain TCP/IP connections, but in

some cases want to use SSL (see section 13). The different ways of achieving this are

• Use just one properties ﬁle, but you will have to edit that ﬁle if you want to switch between

SSL and plaintext connections.

• Use commandline properties exclusively (cf. below), which may lead to very long com-

mands

• Use a command property ﬁle for all applications and different custom properties ﬁles for

each application.

For example, you could start a JacORB program like this:

$ jaco -Dcustom.props=c:/tmp/ns.props org.jacorb.naming.NameServer

In addition to loading any standard properties ﬁles found in the places listed above, JacORB

will now also load conﬁguration properties from the ﬁle c:/tmp/ns.props, but this last ﬁle

will be loaded after the default properties ﬁles and its values will thus take precedence over

earlier settings.

3.1.2 Command-line properties

In the same way as the custom.props property in the example above, arbitrary other Java

properties can be passed to JacORB programs using the -D<prop name>=<prop value>

command line syntax for the java interpreter, but can be used in the same way with the jaco

script. Note that the properties must precede the class name on the command line. For example

to override the ORB initial references for NameService the following may be used:

jaco -DORBInitRef.NameService=file:///usr/users/...../NameService.ior

Server

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