B2O3改性亚碲酸盐玻璃中Er3+/Ce3+共掺杂的1.53 μm荧光增强与热稳定性提升
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本研究论文探讨了在Er3+和Ce3+共掺杂亚碲酸盐玻璃中引入高声子能量氧化物B2O3以改善1.53微米波段的荧光性能以及提高玻璃基质的热稳定性。作者来自宁波大学信息科学与工程学院，通过实验手段对样品的吸收光谱、上转换发射光谱、荧光发射光谱、荧光寿命、拉曼光谱以及差示扫描 calorimetry (DSC) 曲线进行了系统测量和分析。
首先，研究人员通过调整TeO2-ZnO-Na2O的配比将B2O3引入到玻璃材料中，其目的是优化Er3+离子的1.53微米波段荧光强度。他们发现，B2O3的存在可能通过降低非辐射衰减和增强能量转移效率来增强Er3+的发光效率。这表明B2O3作为助掺杂剂，可能有助于改善Er3+的光学活性中心周围的能量传递过程，从而提高整体荧光性能。
此外，实验结果还显示，B2O3的引入显著提高了玻璃基质的热稳定性。这可能是由于B2O3的引入增强了玻璃网络结构的键合强度，使得玻璃在高温下更不易发生结构变化或析晶，从而保持了较高的热稳定性。这对于许多需要耐高温应用的光学器件，如光纤通信、激光器或光放大器等领域具有重要的实际价值。
通过拉曼光谱的分析，可以进一步了解Er3+和Ce3+掺杂对玻璃振动模式的影响，这有助于揭示它们之间可能存在的协同效应。同时，DSC曲线的测量则提供了关于玻璃热稳定性的定量数据，如玻璃转变温度（Tg）和玻璃化转变区间，这些参数对于评估材料的实用性和耐热性能至关重要。
总结来说，这篇研究不仅深入探讨了Er3+和Ce3+共掺杂亚碲酸盐玻璃中的荧光增强机制，还揭示了B2O3作为辅助掺杂剂对提高玻璃热稳定性的作用。这些发现为设计和优化具有高效1.53微米波段荧光和良好热稳定性的亚碲酸盐玻璃材料提供了关键的理论依据和技术支持。
Improvement of 1.53
l
m band fluorescence and energy transfer
in Er
3+
/Ce
3+
codoped tellurite glasses
Shichao Zheng
⇑
, Yaxun Zhou, Dandan Yin, Xingchen Xu, Yawei Qi, Shengxi Peng
College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, China
article info
Article history:
Received 21 January 2013
Received in revised form 1 March 2013
Accepted 9 March 2013
Available online 19 March 2013
Keywords:
Tellurite glass
Er
3+
/Ce
3+
codoping
1.53
l
m band fluorescence
Energy transfer
Thermal stability
abstract
The high phonon-energy oxide of B
2
O
3
was introduce d into the Er
3+
/Ce
3+
codoped tellurite glasses with
comp osition of TeO
2
–ZnO–Na
2
O to improve the 1.53
l
m band fluorescence intensity of Er
3+
and thermal
stability of glass hosts. To evaluate the effect of B
2
O
3
comp onent on the fluorescence properties of Er
3+
and thermal stabil ity of glass hosts, the absorption spectra, upconversion emission spectra, fluorescence
emission spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, Raman spectra and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)
curves of glass samples were measured and investigated, respectively. It is shown that the introduction
of an appropriate amount of B
2
O
3
component can further improve the 1.53
l
m band fluorescence inten-
sity through an enhanced phonon-assi sted energy transfer between Er
3+
and Ce
3+
ions, and the energy
transfer mechanism is investigated quantitatively in detail by calculating energy transfer micro-coeffi-
cients and phonon contributions. Furthermo re, the thermal stability of glass hosts increases with the
B
2
O
3
component amount , and meanwhile relevant spectroscopic parameters and quantum transition effi-
ciencies of Er
3+
are calculated and analyzed using Judd–Ofelt theory. The present results indicate that the
prepare d Er
3+
/Ce
3+
codoped tellurite glass with an appropriate amount of B
2
O
3
component has good pros-
pect as a gain medium app lied for 1.53
l
m band broad and high-gain EDFA.
Ó 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Due to the rapid increase of information capacity and the need
for flexible optical communication networks, there exists urgent
demand for optical amplifiers with a wide and flat gain spectrum
in the telecomm unication window to be used in the wavelength-
division-mul tiplexing (WDM) systems [1–4]. Compare d with the
commercial silica-based Er
3+
-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) used
widely in WDM systems nowadays, the EDFA made from tellurite
glass has a wider gain bandwidth and a flat gain amplification of
20 dB across 80 nm spectrum in the wavelength range of 1530–
1610 nm has been reported [5]. As a host material, tellurite glass
is of great attractive owing to its good mechanical strength and
chemical durabilit y, high solubility of rare-earth ions, excellent
transmission in the visible and near infrared bands, and large
refractive index (2.0) than other oxide glasses [6–8].
The 1.53
l
m band lasing emission of Er
3+
ions can be considered
as a three-level system when pumped with a 980 nm laser diode
(LD). The pump level
4
I
11/2
gets populated first via Er
3+
ground state
absorption (GSA) of pump photons, then non-radiates rapidly to
the initial fluorescence level
4
I
13/2
, the 1.53
l
m emission occurs
when the population inverts between the fluorescence level
4
I
13/2
and the ground state
4
I
15/2
. Therefore, for the purpose of improving
the 1.53
l
m band fluorescence intensity, it is critical to shorten the
Er
3+
lifetime of the
4
I
11/2
level and obtain a rapid non-radiative
transition rate from the
4
I
11/2
to
4
I
13/2
level. However , the multi-
phonon relaxation rate of Er
3+
ions between these two levels in
the tellurite glass is weak due to its relatively low host phonon en-
ergy (750 cm
1
) and in turn leads to a longer Er
3+
populated life-
time of the
4
I
11/2
level than that in other oxide glasses [9]. As a
result, the strong upconversio n luminescen ce resulted from the ex-
cited state absorption (ESA) of Er
3+
ions at the
4
I
11/2
level is ob-
served in the tellurite glass under 980 nm pumping, resulting in
a lower pumping efficiency for the 1.53
l
m fluorescence.
A possible method to enhance the transition rate involves the
introduct ion of a suitable codopant to stir the non-radiati ve decay
from the
4
I
11/2
to
4
I
13/2
level. Yang et al. [10] has demonstrat ed that
Er
3+
/Ce
3+
codoping was an effective scheme to enhance the non-
radiative transition rate of Er
3+
from the
4
I
11/2
to
4
I
13/2
level and
then improve the 1.53
l
m fluorescence intensity through the en-
ergy transfer process of Er
3+
:
4
I
11/2
+ Ce
3+
:
2
F
5/2
? Er
3+
:
4
I
13/2
+ Ce
3+
:
2
F
7/2
, which is depicted in Fig. 1. From Fig. 1, it can be seen
that the 4f configuration of Ce
3+
consists of only two manifolds , i.e.,
2
F
5/2
and
2
F
7/2
. The energy gap between the Ce
3+
:
2
F
5/2
?
2
F
7/2
absorption transition is about 2200 cm
1
whereas the Er
3+
:
4
I
11/2
?
4
I
13/2
emission transition is about 3600 cm
1
in Er
3+
-doped
tellurite- based glass [11], and there exists an energy mismatch of
0925-8388/$ - see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.038
⇑
Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 574 87600319.
E-mail address: zsc13792889163@163.com (S. Zheng).
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 566 (2013) 90–97
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDi rect
Journal of Alloys an d Compounds
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jalcom
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