AWS架构优化：应对流量峰值与自动扩展

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"该资源为SAA-CO1.462Q.AWS-SAA（英）.pdf，可能是一份关于AWS解决方案架构师认证的考试题库，涉及到AWS云服务的使用和优化问题。" 在这些问题中，我们可以提取出以下几个AWS相关的重要知识点： 1. **Amazon EC2**: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 是AWS提供的弹性计算服务，它让用户可以快速获取并配置计算资源。EC2实例可以根据需求自动调整大小或数量，以满足应用程序的性能要求。 2. **NAT 实例**: Network Address Translation (NAT) 实例是一种AWS服务，用于允许私有VPC子网中的实例访问互联网，但阻止外部对这些实例的直接访问。在Q1中，NAT实例被提及，可能是作为解决特定网络访问问题的一个选项。 3. **ELB Classic Load Balancer**: Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) Classic Load Balancer 是AWS早期版本的负载均衡服务，它能够将流量分发到多个EC2实例，提高应用的可用性和可伸缩性。但是，对于新项目，通常推荐使用更现代的Application Load Balancer或Network Load Balancer。 4. **Amazon RDS**: Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) 是AWS的托管数据库服务，支持多种数据库引擎，如MySQL、PostgreSQL等，简化了数据库的管理和扩展。 5. **Auto Scaling**: AWS Auto Scaling 可以自动调整AWS资源的容量以适应应用程序负载的变化。在Q2中，提到当呼叫中心的工作人员在早上9:00同时登录时，系统变得缓慢，因为Auto Scaling没有足够的时间进行扩展。解决方案是创建一个Auto Scaling计划操作，在工作人员开始工作前半小时增加资源。 6. **Scheduled Actions**: AWS Auto Scaling的计划操作允许用户在预定义的时间执行扩展或收缩操作，以确保在特定时间点有足够的资源。 7. **Reserved Instances**: AWS预留实例提供了一种预先购买计算容量的方式，通常以折扣价购买一年或三年的实例使用，以降低成本并确保资源的可用性。 8. **Spot Instances**: Spot Instances 允许用户以低于按需实例的价格购买EC2实例，但可能会在AWS需要回收资源时被中断。它们适合对中断容忍度较高的工作负载。 9. **Performance Issues with Traffic Spikes**: 在电子商务应用中，由于新产品发布导致的流量激增可能会引发性能问题。为了应对这种情况，可以使用Auto Scaling、缓存服务如Amazon ElastiCache，或者预热策略来提前扩展资源。 10. **Management Decision**: 当面临类似问题时，管理团队可能会考虑采用更灵活的扩展策略，使用预测分析来预测流量变化，或者通过负载测试来识别和优化性能瓶颈。以上是基于题目内容解析出的AWS服务和最佳实践，对于备考AWS解决方案架构师认证或实际操作AWS云环境的人员来说，这些都是重要的知识领域。

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Which combination of steps must the Architect complete to meet these requirements? (Choose

two.)

A. Create a bastion host that authenticates users against the corporate directory.

B. Create a bastion host with security group rules that only allow traffic from the corporate network.

C. Attach an IAM role to the bastion host with relevant permissions.

D. Configure the web servers' security group to allow SSH traffic from a bastion host.

E. Deny all SSH traffic from the corporate network in the inbound network ACL.

Answer: BD

Q59. A Solutions Architect needs to use AWS to implement pilot light disaster recovery for a

three-tier web application hosted in an on-premises datacenter.

Which solution allows rapid provision of working, fully-scaled production environment?

A. Continuously replicate the production database server to Amazon RDS.

Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the application and any additional servers if necessary.

B. Continuously replicate the production database server to Amazon RDS.

Create one application load balancer and register on-premises servers.

Configure ELB Application Load Balancer to automatically deploy Amazon EC2 instances for

application and additional servers if the on-premises application is down.

C. Use a scheduled Lambda function to replicate the production database to AWS.

Use Amazon Route 53 health checks to deploy the application automatically to Amazon S3 if

production is unhealthy.

D. Use a scheduled Lambda function to replicate the production database to AWS.

servers if production is unavailable.

Answer: A

Q60. A Solutions Architect notices slower response times from an application. The CloudWatch

metrics on the MySQL RDS indicate Read IOPS are high and fluctuate significantly when the

database is under load.How should the database environment be re-designed to resolve the IOPS

fluctuation?

A. Change the RDS instance type to get more RAM.

B. Change the storage type to Provisioned IOPS.

C. Scale the web server tier horizontally.

D. Split the DB layer into separate RDS instances.

Answer: B

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Q61. A Solutions Architect is designing a solution that can monitor memory and disk space

utilization of all Amazon EC2 instances running Amazon Linux and Windows.

Which solution meets this requirement?

A. Default Amazon CloudWatch metrics.

B. Custom Amazon CloudWatch metrics.

C. Amazon Inspector resource monitoring.

D. Default monitoring of Amazon EC2 instances.

Answer: B

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/monitoring_ec2.html

Q62. A Solutions Architect is creating a new relational database. The Compliance team will use

the database, and mandates that data content must be stored across three different Availability

Zones.

Which of the following options should the Architect Use?

A. Amazon Aurora

B. Amazon RDS MySQL with Multi-AZ enabled

C. Amazon DynamoDB

D. Amazon ElastiCache

Answer: A

Q63. A company needs to quickly ensure that all files created in an Amazon S3 bucket in us-east-1

are also available in another bucket in ap-southeast-2.

Which option represents the SIMPLIEST way to implement this design?

A. Add an S3 lifecycle rule to move any files from the bucket in us-east-1 to the bucket in

ap-southeast-2.

B. Create a Lambda function to be triggered for every new file in us-east-1 that copies the file to

the bucket in ap-southeast-2.

C. Use SNS to notify the bucket in ap-southeast-2 to create a file whenever the file is created in

the bucket in us-east-1.

D. Enable versioning and configure cross-region replication from the bucket in us-east-1 to the

bucket in ap-southeast-2.

Answer: D

Q64. An organization has a long-running image processing application that runs on Spot Instances

that will be terminated when interrupted. A highly available workload must be designed to respond

to Spot Instance interruption notices. The solution must include a two-minute warning when there

is not enough capacity.

How can these requirements be met?

A. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events to invoke an AWS Lambda function that can launch

On-Demand Instances.

B. Regularly store data from the application on Amazon DynamoDB. Increase the maximum

number of instances in the AWS Auto Scaling group.

C. Manually place a bid for additional Spot Instances at a higher price in the same AWS Region

and Availability Zone.

D. Ensure that the Amazon Machine Image associated with the application has the latest

configurations for the launch configuration.

Answer: A

Q65. A company has an Amazon RDS-managed online transaction processing system that has

very heavy read and write. The Solutions Architect notices throughput issues with the system.

How can the responsiveness of the primary database be improved?

A. Use asynchronous replication for standby to maximize throughput during peak demand.

B. Offload SELECT queries that can tolerate stale data to READ replica.

C. Offload SELECT and UPDATE queries to READ replica.

D. Offload SELECT query that needs the most current data to READ replica.

Answer: B

https://aws.amazon.com/rds/faqs/

Q66. A company is designing a failover strategy in Amazon Route 53 for its resources between

two AWS Regions. The company must have the ability to route a user's traffic to the region with

least latency, and if both regions are healthy, Route 53 should route traffic to resources in both

regions.

Which strategy should the Solutions Architect recommend?

A. Configure active-active failover using Route 53 latency DNS records.

B. Configure active-passive failover using Route 53 latency DNS records.

C. Configure active-active failover using Route 53 failover DNS records.

D. Configure active-passive failover using Route 53 failover DNS records.

Answer: A

Q67. A company is developing several critical long-running applications hosted on Docker.

How should a Solutions Architect design a solution to meet the scalability and orchestration

requirements on AWS?

A. Use Amazon ECS and Service Auto Scaling.

B. Use Spot Instances for orchestration and for scaling containers on existing Amazon EC2

instances.

C. Use AWS OpsWorks to launch containers in new Amazon EC2 instances.

D. Use Auto Scaling groups to launch containers on existing Amazon EC2 instances.

Answer: A

https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/tutorials/deploy-docker-containers/

Q68. A Solutions Architect is developing a new web application on AWS. The Architect expects the

application to become very popular, so the application must scale to support the load. The

Architect wants to focus on software development and deploying new features without

provisioning or managing instances.

What solution is appropriate?

A. Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda

B. Elastic Load Balancing with Auto Scaling groups and Amazon EC2

C. Amazon API Gateway and Amazon EC2

D. Amazon CloudFront and AWS Lambda

Answer: A

Q69. A Solutions Architect is deploying a new production MySQL database on AWS. It is critical

that the database is highly available.

What should the Architect do to achieve this goal with Amazon RDS?

A. Create a read replica of the primary database and deploy it in a different AWS Region.

B. Enable multi-AZ to create a standby database in a different Availability Zone.

C. Enable multi-AZ to create a standby database in a different AWS Region.

D. Create a read replica of the primary database and deploy it in a different Availability Zone.

Answer: B

Q70. An organization designs a mobile application for their customers to upload photos to a site.

The application needs a secure login with MFA. The organization wants to limit the initial build time

and maintenance of the solution.

Which solution should a Solutions Architect recommend to meet the requirements?

A. Use Amazon Cognito Identity with SMS-based MFA.

B. Edit AWS IAM policies to require MFA for all users.

C. Federate IAM against corporate AD that requires MFA.

D. Use Amazon API Gateway and require SSE for photos.

Answer: A

Q71. A Solutions Architect is designing a solution to monitor weather changes by the minute. The

frontend application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances. The backend must be scalable to a

virtually unlimited size, and data retrieval must occur with minimal latency.

Which AWS service should the Architect use to store the data and achieve these requirements?

A. Amazon S3

B. Amazon DynamoDB

C. Amazon RDS

D. Amazon EBS

Answer: B

Q72. A company hosts a website on premises. The website has a mix of static and dynamic

content, but users experience latency when loading static files.

Which AWS service can help reduce latency?

A. Amazon CloudFront with on-premises servers as the origin

B. ELB Application Load Balancer

C. Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing

D. Amazon EFS to store and server static files

Answer: A

Q73. A company wants to analyze all of its sales information aggregated over the last 12 months.

The company expects there to be over 10TB of data from multiple sources.

What service should be used?

A. Amazon DynamoDB

B. Amazon Aurora MySQL

C. Amazon RDS MySQL

D. Amazon Redshift

Answer: D

Q74. A media company has deployed a multi-tier architecture on AWS. Web servers are deployed

in two Availability Zones using an Auto Scaling group with a default Auto Scaling termination policy.

The web servers' Auto Scaling group currently has 15 instances running.

Which instance will be terminated first during a scale-in operation?

A. The instance with the oldest launch configuration.

B. The instance in the Availability Zone that has most instances.

C. The instance closest to the next billing hour.

D. The oldest instance in the group.

Answer: B

Q75. A retail company has sensors placed in its physical retail stores. The sensors send

messages over HTTP when customers interact with in-store product displays. A Solutions

Architect needs to implement a system for processing those sensor messages; the results must be

available for the Data Analysis team.

Which architecture should be used to meet these requirements?

A. Implement an Amazon API Gateway to server as the HTTP endpoint. Have the API Gateway

trigger an AWS Lambda function to process the messages, and save the results to an Amazon

DynamoDB table.

B. Create an Amazon EC2 instance to server as the HTTP endpoint and to process the messages.

Save the results to Amazon S3 for the Data Analysis team to download.

C. Use Amazon Route 53 to direct incoming sensor messages to a Lambda function to process

the message and save the results to a Amazon DynamoDB table.

D. Use AWS Direct Connect to connect sensors to DynamoDB so that data can be written directly

to a DynamoDB table where it can be accessed by the Data Analysis team.

Answer: A

Q76. A client is migrating a legacy web application to the AWS Cloud. The current system uses an

Oracle database as a relational database management system solution. Backups occur every

night, and the data is stored on-premises. The Solutions Architect must automate the backups and

identity a storage solution while keeping costs low.

Which AWS service will meet these requirements?

A. Amazon RDS

B. Amazon RedShift

C. Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator

D. Amazon ElastiCache

Answer: A

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