CUDA 6中的统一内存:简化数据访问与传输

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"Aspects Related to Data Access and Transfer in CUDA - Slides - 2014 (TR-2014-09)" by Dan Negrut, Radu Serban, Ang Li, and Andrew Seidl from the Simulation-Based Engineering Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 在CUDA编程中,数据访问和传输是至关重要的方面,特别是在高性能计算和并行处理领域。CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture)是由NVIDIA公司推出的一种编程模型,允许开发者利用GPU(图形处理器)的强大计算能力。本资源主要讨论了CUDA中数据管理的历史以及CUDA 6引入的统一内存(Unified Memory,UM)如何简化程序员的工作。 CUDA自1.0版本起就提供了cudaMemcpy函数,这是一个基础的CUDA功能,用于在主机和设备之间传输数据。传统的CUDA程序设计通常涉及以下步骤:首先,使用cudaMemcpy将数据从主机内存复制到设备内存;接着,在设备上通过调用内核函数执行计算;最后,再使用cudaMemcpy将结果从设备内存回传到主机内存。内存分配则分别通过malloc(主机内存)和cudaMalloc(设备内存)完成。然而,这种数据传输方式的一个显著瓶颈是通过PCI-E总线进行的数据移动,它限制了高速数据交换的效率。 随着CUDA的发展,尤其是CUDA 6引入的统一内存,程序员的工作变得更加简单和高效。统一内存旨在自动处理主机和设备之间的内存管理和数据迁移,使得程序员无需显式地进行数据拷贝操作。通过启用UM,GPU可以直接访问和处理主机内存中的数据,反之亦然,这大大简化了代码,减少了手动管理内存的复杂性,并可能提高性能,因为系统能够根据需要智能地透明化迁移数据。 CUDA 6的UM还带来了其他优势,例如,它可以减少内存分配和释放的开销,因为内存管理的责任转移到了CUDA运行时系统。此外,UM可以提供一定程度的缓存优化,因为系统会尝试预测和缓存最常访问的数据,从而减少PCI-E带宽的使用。 这份报告或演示文稿旨在回顾CUDA中内存管理的历史,阐述统一内存如何改变游戏规则,使数据访问和传输更加高效,同时减轻程序员的负担。对于那些希望深入理解CUDA编程,特别是CUDA内存模型及其优化策略的开发者来说,这是一个宝贵的资源。

帮我看看这段话有没有语法错误:The first effect of guaranteeing people have basic financial products and services is increasing the overall quality of people’s lives. Ensuring reliable access to financial products and services can contribute to helping families and companies plan the future from two aspects, long-term goals and unexpected emergencies (The World Bank, 2022). Long-term goals mean long-term investments such as investments in health: saving money against illness, saving for a child’s education, saving for a house or car, etc. Unexpected emergencies mean managing risk, that is, people can apply for a loan from the bank when they are in the face of a sudden bankruptcy or business shock. Furthermore, when people meet weather financial shocks, the government and banks will give some financial assistance. With these financial services, people have a basic guarantee of life and a clear plan for the future in the meanwhile. Guarantee of financial services leads them to save a sum of money in a safe bank account for buying a house, providing funds for children’s education, and buying medical insurance for both themselves and their families to prevent the sudden arrival of diseases. In daily life, online payment improves life efficiency such as reducing queuing time. Additionally, in occupational life, financial guarantees can encourage and empower young people can be bolder to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams by providing them with start-up funds from banks. All in all, the guarantee of financial products leads to individuals plan for their financial futures and improve their overall quality of life.

2023-05-05 上传

Shifts in China’s Rural and Urban Population: 2000-2020 The bar chart clearly reveals that from 2000 to 2020, while the total population in China increased moderately from 1.25 billion to 1.41 billion, population in urban and rural areas experienced dramatic shifts in different directions. Urban population rose from 450 million in 2000 to 670 million in 2010 and 900 million in 2020; contrastingly, rural population declined from 800 million in 2000 to 680 million in 2010 and 510 million in 2020. The population gap narrowed largely because of the joint effects of urbanization, unequal economic opportunities in rural and urban areas, and the expansion of higher education. In the first place, there was a large-scale urban sprawl during this period. Places which had been part of the vast countryside were incorporated into cities, causing hundreds of millions of rural dwellers to be passively transformed into urban residents. What’s more, while urban living standards improved greatly in these years, few economic opportunities fell on rural areas and most peasant families remained at the poverty line. Poverty prompted the call for change, leading a large quantity of healthy young peasants to leave their hometowns and flock to cities for a better living. Last but not least, China’s higher education grew at an unprecedented rate in these years. More high school graduates than ever before entered colleges and universities, most of whom preferred to stay in urban areas after graduation for personal development. The increase in urban population was a sure indication of economic and educational achievements in China. It benefited the country in many aspects, relieving the shortage of labor force in cities, lessening the burden of peasants to support their families, and affording young people from rural areas more opportunities to display their talents. However, the migration of rural residents into urban areas inevitably brought about disadvantages. Some of them, such as waste of arable land and left-behind children in the countryside, as well as traffic congestion and soaring housing prices in cities, have already called the attention of the government and corresponding measures have begun to take effect. But others, especially the inability of many peasants to integrate into urban life due to their lack of education and civilized habits, have long been neglected. In this sense, we cannot be satisfied with the superficially optimistic figures in the chart, but should endeavor to foster the integration of these newcomers by providing them with adequate assistance in educational and cultural aspects, so that they can find easier access to the prosperity and convenience of urban life and be more fully devoted to the development of cities.翻译成英文版两百单词左右的文章

2023-02-21 上传