ACME：架构描述交换语言详解

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"Acme: An Architecture Description Interchange Language" Acme是一种架构描述交换语言，由Carnegie Mellon University的研究人员David Garlan、Robert T. Monroe和David Wile开发。该语言旨在提供一个基础的开发工具，特别适用于软件架构的建模和交流。Acme的出现是为了改善和标准化在不同软件系统之间交换和理解架构描述的方式。在软件工程领域，架构描述语言（Architecture Description Language, ADL）是用于表示和文档化复杂软件系统结构的关键工具。Acme作为ADL的一种，允许设计者清晰地定义系统的组件、接口、连接方式以及它们之间的交互关系。这种语言不仅支持静态结构的描述，还可能包含关于系统动态行为的信息，如通信协议和执行流程。 Acme的目的是提高软件开发过程中的可重用性、可维护性和可理解性。通过使用一种标准化的语言，团队成员可以更有效地理解和协作，同时也可以方便地与其他使用相同或兼容ADL的团队共享设计。此外，Acme还可以帮助进行架构评估，确保设计符合预定的质量属性，如性能、安全性和可扩展性。 Acme语言的特点可能包括： 1. **组件模型**：定义软件系统的基本构建块，每个组件可能包含子组件，并且具有特定的功能。 2. **接口定义**：描述组件如何相互作用，包括输入、输出、调用和返回等操作。 3. **连接机制**：定义组件间的连接，以及它们如何通过接口进行通信。 4. **约束和规则**：表达对系统架构的限制和规定，如并发性、依赖性和资源管理。 5. **动态行为**：描述组件的执行顺序和时间行为，例如状态转换、事件处理和流程控制。在实际应用中，Acme可以与其他工具集成，比如建模工具和模拟器，以辅助分析和验证软件架构的正确性和性能。它也可能是软件开发过程中的一个重要部分，尤其是在大型、分布式和复杂的系统中。 Acme是一个强大的工具，能够促进软件架构的设计、交流和评估。通过使用这种语言，开发者可以更加系统化地思考和表达软件架构，从而提高软件开发的效率和质量。对于学术研究和工业实践来说，Acme都是一种有价值的资源，有助于推动软件工程领域的进步。

ophy to the broader software engineering com-

munity at this stage for feedback and critical

discussion. To do this we will focus primar-

ily on the key design choices made by the lan-

guage.

2 Language Rationale

2.1 Goals

The design of a language should reect its in-

tended purp ose. If, for example, the primary

purpose of a language is to support formal anal-

ysis, then minimality of features and semantic

simplicity are likely top-level concerns. If, on

the other hand, the primary purpose of a lan-

guage is to supp ort a domain-sp ecic design ac-

tivity (such as for control systems in chemical

plants), then closely matching the engineers'

natural design vocabulary is crucial. It is im-

portant, therefore, to b e clear about the in-

tended purposes of Acme.

The primary purpose of Acme is to provide

an interchange format for architectural devel-

opment to ols and environments. As such, the

language should make it p ossible to integrate

a broad variety of separately-developed ADL

tools by providing an intermediate form for ex-

changing architectural information.

In addition to its primary goal of inter-

change, Acme was designed with the following

secondary goals in mind. These goals are listed

in decreasing order of importance.



Toprovide a representational scheme that

wil l permit the development of new tools

for analyzing and visualizing architectural

structures.

The language should provide

an architectural vocabulary that makes it

straightforward for tool writers to map

their intuitions ab out architectural struc-

tures into the forms expressible in the lan-

guage.



Toprovide a foundation for developing

new, possibly domain-specic, ADLs.

The

language should not preempt the ability

to build on its core capabilities with addi-

tional constructs and semantics.



To serve as a vehicle for creating conven-

tions and standards for architectural infor-

mation.

The language should make it easy

for groups of ADL developers to standard-

ize asp ects of architectural specication

that are not explicitly included in Acme



Toprovide expressive descriptions that are

easy for humans to read and write.

The

language should allow compact, direct ex-

pression of architectural structures and id-

ioms.

While these goals are complementary, taken

individually they lead to quite dierentchoices

in design. In particular, the primary goal of

supporting interchange of software architecture

descriptions b etween dierent ADLs argues for

a simple, easy-to-parse language, while the sec-

ondary goal of ease of reading and writing

for humans argues for expressive language fea-

tures. In the remainder of this pap er we will see

how Acme attempts to achieve the main goal

of architectural description interchange while

accommodating the secondary goals.

2.2 Reconciling Standardization

and Diversity

The existence of multiple languages arises in

numerous other domains including do cument

formatting, programming, graphical enco dings,

and hypertext. As with ADLs, such diversity

creates problems for users of these languages.

Anumber of approaches have b een used to cop e

with problems of language heterogeneity.

Pick one:

Let the community or mar-

ketplace decide on a single dominant lan-

guage, and co erce future tool development

to occur around that language.

Design a \union" language:

Design a

language that incorp orates all of the fea-

tures of all of the languages, and thereby

allow users to express anything that they

could have expressed in any of the individ-

ual languages.

Design an \intersection" language:

Pick a least common denominator lan-

guage that includes the asp ects of archi-

tectural description that are shared by all

ADLs.

Give up:

Admit that language diversity

is simply to o large to try to nd any co-

ordinated solution at present. This usu-

ally results in a large numb er of pairwise

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