探索CouchDB：文档导向型数据库的权威指南

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"CouchDB.The.Definitive.Guide" 本书《CouchDB：权威指南》深入浅出地介绍了Apache CouchDB，这是一种面向文档的数据库，为数据建模提供了全新的方式。CouchDB是一个无模式的数据库，特别适用于处理如联系人、发票和收据等基于文档的信息。由CouchDB核心开发者J.Chris Anderson、Jan Lehnardt和Noah Slater共同编著，他们通过清晰而实用的场景讲解如何与CouchDB交互。书中每一章都突出展示了关键特性，包括简单的文档CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）、高级MapReduce以及性能和可靠性的部署调优。通过阅读本书，你将能够： 1. **理解基于文档的存储和操作基础**：CouchDB将数据模型化为自包含的JSON文档，这种模式允许数据更灵活地存储和检索。 2. **数据建模**：学习如何以JSON文档的形式来设计和管理数据，这种格式在处理结构不确定或不断变化的数据时尤其有用。 3. **基本文档CRUD操作**：掌握创建新文档、读取现有文档、更新文档内容以及删除文档的基本方法，这些都是数据库操作的核心。 4. **自然处理演进数据**：CouchDB的设计允许数据模型随着时间推移而演变，无需严格的模式定义，使得数据管理更加便捷。 5. **使用MapReduce查询和聚合数据**：通过CouchDB的MapReduce视图功能，可以实现复杂的查询和数据聚合，以满足各种数据分析需求。 6. **节点间数据复制**：了解如何在不同的CouchDB节点之间复制数据，这对于分布式系统和高可用性环境至关重要。 7. **性能和可靠性调优**：学习如何调整CouchDB的部署设置，以优化其性能并确保系统的稳定性。该书是学习和掌握CouchDB的理想资源，无论你是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中受益。O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版的这本书还提供了在线版本，便于读者随时随地学习和查阅。此外，书籍的封面设计采用了Pomeranian狗的形象，这成为O'Reilly系列图书的一个独特标识。

Preface

Thanks for purchasing this book! If it was a gift, then congratulations. If, on the other

hand, you downloaded it without paying, well, actually, we’re pretty happy about that

too! This book is available under a free license, and that’s important because we want

it to serve the community as documentation—and documentation should be free.

So, why pay for a free book? Well, you might like the warm fuzzy feeling you get from

holding a book in your hands, as you cosy up on the couch with a cup of coffee. On

the couch...get it? Bad jokes aside, whatever your reasons, buying the book helps sup-

port us, so we have more time to work on improvements for both the book and

CouchDB. So thank you!

We set out to compile the best and most comprehensive collection of CouchDB infor-

mation there is, and yet we know we failed. CouchDB is a fast-moving target and grew

significantly during the time we were writing the book. We were able to adapt quickly

and keep things up-to-date, but we also had to draw the line somewhere if we ever

hoped to publish it.

At the time of this writing, CouchDB 0.10.1 is the latest release, but you might already

be seeing 0.10.2 or even 0.11.0 released or being prepared—maybe even 1.0. Although

we have some ideas about how future releases will look, we don’t know for certain and

didn’t want to make any wild guesses. CouchDB is a community project, so ultimately

it’s up to you, our readers, to help shape the project.

On the plus side, many people successfully run CouchDB 0.10 in production, and you

will have more than enough on your hands to run a solid project. Future releases of

CouchDB will make things easier in places, but the core features should remain the

same. Besides, learning the core features helps you understand and appreciate the

shortcuts and allows you to roll your own hand-tailored solutions.

Writing an open book was great fun. We’re happy O’Reilly supported our decision in

every way possible. The best part—besides giving the CouchDB community early ac-

cess to the material—was the commenting functionality we implemented on the book’s

website. It allows anybody to comment on any paragraph in the book with a simple

click. We used some simple JavaScript and Google Groups to allow painless com-

menting. The result was astounding. As of today, 866 people have sent more than 1,100

xvii

messages to our little group. Submissions have ranged from pointing out small typos

to deep technical discussions. Feedback on our original first chapter led us to a complete

rewrite in order to make sure the points we wanted to get across did, indeed, get across.

This system allowed us to clearly formulate what we wanted to say in a way that worked

for you, our readers.

Overall, the book has become so much better because of the help of hundreds of vol-

unteers who took the time to send in their suggestions. We understand the immense

value this model has, and we want to keep it up. New features in CouchDB should

make it into the book without us necessarily having to do a reprint every thee months.

The publishing industry is not ready for that yet, but we want to continue to release

new and revised content and listen closely to the feedback. The specifics of how we’ll

do this are still in flux, but we’ll be posting the information to the book’s website the

first moment we know it. That’s a promise! So make sure to visit the book’s website at

http://books.couchdb.org/relax to keep up-to-date.

Before we let you dive into the book, we want to make sure you’re well prepared.

CouchDB is written in Erlang, but you don’t need to know anything about Erlang to

use CouchDB. CouchDB also heavily relies on web technologies like HTTP and Java-

Script, and some experience with those does help when following the examples

throughout the book. If you have built a website before—simple or complex—you

should be ready to go.

If you are an experienced developer or systems architect, the introduction to CouchDB

should be comforting, as you already know everything involved—all you need to learn

are the ways CouchDB puts them together. Toward the end of the book, we ramp up

the experience level to help you get as comfortable building large-scale CouchDB sys-

tems as you are with personal projects.

If you are a beginning web developer, don’t worry—by the time you get to the later

parts of the book, you should be able to follow along with the harder stuff.

Now, sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride through the wonderful world of CouchDB.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for

permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

xviii | Preface

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