• Draw 3 vertices
• End the render pass
Because the image in the framebuffer depends on which specific image the swap
chain will give us, we need to record a command buffer for each possible image
and select the right one at draw time. The alternative would be to record the
command buffer again every frame, which is not as efficient.
Step 8 - Main loop
Now that the drawing commands have been wrapped into a command buffer,
the main loop is quite straightforward. We first acquire an image from the
swap chain with vkAcquireNextImageKHR. We can then select the appropriate
command buffer for that image and execute it with vkQueueSubmit. Finally,
we return the image to the swap chain for presentation to the screen with
vkQueuePresentKHR.
Operations that are submitted to queues are executed asynchronously. Therefore
we have to use synchronization objects like semaphores to ensure a correct
order of execution. Execution of the draw command buffer must be set up
to wait on image acquisition to finish, otherwise it may occur that we start
rendering to an image that is still being read for presentation on the screen. The
vkQueuePresentKHR call in turn needs to wait for rendering to be finished, for
which we’ll use a second semaphore that is signaled after rendering completes.
Summary
This whirlwind tour should give you a basic understanding of the work ahead
for drawing the first triangle. A real-world program contains more steps, like
allocating vertex buffers, creating uniform buffers and uploading texture images
that will be covered in subsequent chapters, but we’ll start simple because Vulkan
has enough of a steep learning curve as it is. Note that we’ll cheat a bit by
initially embedding the vertex coordinates in the vertex shader instead of using a
vertex buffer. That’s because managing vertex buffers requires some familiarity
with command buffers first.
So in short, to draw the first triangle we need to:
• Create a VkInstance
• Select a supported graphics card (VkPhysicalDevice)
• Create a VkDevice and VkQueue for drawing and presentation
• Create a window, window surface and swap chain
• Wrap the swap chain images into VkImageView
• Create a render pass that specifies the render targets and usage
• Create framebuffers for the render pass
• Set up the graphics pipeline
15
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