Unity 3D游戏开发入门：构建专业级实境游戏

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《Unity Game Development Essentials》是一本由Will Goldstone编著的专业英文版PDF教程，专注于指导读者如何使用Unity开发功能完备、具有专业水准的3D游戏。该书详细讲解了如何构建具有逼真环境、音效和动态效果的游戏，旨在帮助开发者步入3D游戏开发的实战门槛。书中内容涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Unity入门**：首先，作者会介绍Unity的基本概念，包括其界面布局、工作流程以及各种工具的使用。对于初学者来说，这部分是理解和掌握后续技术的基础。 2. **3D建模与场景设计**：书中深入讲解如何在Unity中创建和编辑3D模型，包括使用内置的工具进行几何体建模、纹理贴图和光照设置，以及创建真实世界环境的技巧。 3. **物理引擎应用**：Unity内置的物理引擎让游戏具有真实感，本书将演示如何模拟重力、碰撞检测和刚体动力学，使游戏中的物体行为更加自然。 4. **音频处理**：书中介绍如何添加和管理声音效果，包括背景音乐、环境音效和交互音效的集成，提升游戏的沉浸感。 5. **动画与角色控制**：如何创建和操控角色动画，包括基础的骨骼系统、关键帧动画和动画脚本编程，使游戏角色更具生动性。 6. **游戏逻辑与AI**：书中涵盖游戏逻辑的设计，如事件处理、条件判断，以及如何实现基本的AI行为，如路径寻找和决策系统。 7. **特效与渲染优化**：学习如何创建视觉效果和粒子系统，同时关注性能优化，确保游戏在不同平台上的流畅运行。 8. **项目管理和发布**：从项目组织到版本控制，再到打包和发布流程，作者会分享实用的实践经验和技巧。 9. **实战项目演练**：通过实际的项目案例，读者可以跟随作者的步骤，逐步提升自己的开发技能，并理解如何将理论知识转化为实际作品。尽管本书力求准确，但鉴于出版时的技术更新，部分内容可能需要读者自行查阅最新文档或在线资源以获取最新的Unity特性和支持。版权方面，所有内容未经许可不得复制、存储或传播，以保护知识产权。《Unity Game Development Essentials》是一本极具价值的资源，无论是希望进入3D游戏行业的新人，还是希望提升现有技能的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。通过学习这本书，读者将掌握Unity的核心技术，为创作引人入胜的3D游戏奠定坚实基础。

Preface

[ 2 ]

The developers of engines also build tools with which to command the functional

coding they have created. For example, the creation of an outdoor terrain is held in

a set of instructions which dene its shape (or topography), visual appearance, and

even how it responds to deformation in game. But this set of instructions would be

inefcient as a part of the game engine were it not attached to a visual tool to control

the aforementioned properties. This is where a Graphical User Interface (GUI) comes

in. Game engine developers will often build an interface of tools to aid their team in

manipulating parts of the engine in order to save time in the development process

and make the engine accessible to potential buyers, post production. This is also

true of Unity, as it has a very strong community of users that share their tools in the

form of plugins for the package. Visit the Unify community wiki at http://www.

unifycommunity.com/wiki

for more information.

For many new potential developers, the steep learning curve required to pick up

programming languages such as C++, or the engines that utilize it, is simply too

great a task to attempt. Without completing degree-level studies in programming

or computer animation, it is difcult for many enthusiasts to get started in learning

the concepts, methods, and design principles involved in game production. Unity

Technologies is one such company that has set out to rectify this. Starting with

their own game engine in 2001, the Danish-based game development company

endeavoured to strip down their complex game development tools and make a

simple, user-driven package that anyone could pick up and begin experimenting

with. The team resolved to keep the source code that drives the engine behind the

scenes, instead providing a complete GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allows the

user to control the powerful engine source code without ever having to create parts

of it themselves. This factor has made Unity highly popular with new developers,

and is likely one of the key reasons you're reading this book. By establishing logical

concepts and categorizing common methods involved in game production, Unity

puts the power of its engine into the user's hands, allowing maximum results with

minimal effort, thereby encouraging experimentation with the most crucial factor of

all—gameplay.

Having appealed to many games developers, Unity has lled a gap in the games

development market that few others can fully claim to cater to. Having the ability

to produce professional standard games, publish 3D to both Mac and PC, as well

as having its own Web Player, Unity is one of the fastest growing game engines in

its sector. The engine also has its own Nintendo Wii and Apple iPhone developing

versions, meaning that once you have mastered the basics, a pipeline to not only

home computer, but also to console and mobile development lies ahead of you.

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 3 ]

The fast pace of the entertainment and marketing industries requires a quick

turnaround of gaming media. Also, many companies are now looking to packages

such as Unity to enable their creatives to produce better products with the greatest

of ease. With 2009 seeing the release of Unity version 2.5, and its rst steps onto PC

format, its usage looks set to skyrocket. But what is Unity? How does it work? What

can it do? And most importantly, how can it get you get started on the path to 3D

game development in just a few weeks?

What this book covers

This book is designed to cover a set of easy-to-follow examples, which culminate

in the production of a First-Person-viewed 3D game, complete with an interactive

island environment. By introducing common concepts of game and 3D production,

we'll explore the use of Unity to make a player character interact with the game

world, and build puzzles for the player to solve in order to complete the game.

Here's a quick chapter-by-chapter overview of what will be covered:

Chapter 1—Welcome to the Third Dimension

This chapter covers the key concepts we'll need to understand and complete the

exercise in this book. It takes a brief look at 3D concepts and the processes used

by Unity to create games.

Chapter 2—Environments

Our game world is but an empty void! We'll kick off with this chapter by taking a

look at the various ways to incorporate terrains, externally produced 3D models,

and other Unity engine features such as sound and lighting to get your game

environment up and running.

Chapter 3—Player Characters

Every game needs a hero, right? In this chapter, we'll be taking a look at every

element that goes into making the rst-person player character from input controls

to cameras and colliders. Once you've learnt what goes into making him, you'll

introduce the player character to your island and take a stroll around.

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 4 ]

Chapter 4—Interactions

Games are all about interacting with a virtual world, so where would our character

be without some in-game actions? In this chapter, I'll introduce you to collision

detection and ray casting. We'll look at how we can combine these techniques with

scripting and animation to transform our static building into one that responds to

our player.

Chapter 5—Prefabs, Collection, and HUD

Giving your player a sense of achievement in your game is essential. To help with

this, you'll need to remind them of actions they've taken so far in the game, and

give them something to aim for. In this fth chapter, we will construct what is often

referred to as a Heads Up Display (HUD) with text and graphical displays that

change dynamically as the user plays.

Having created a simple HUD, you'll create a short object-collection game, which

will allow the player character to pick up batteries in order to gain access to the

building on the island.

Chapter 6—Instantiation and Rigidbodies

Almost every game scenario that you can imagine will involve creating or

"spawning" objects in your environment. Known in programming terms as

Instantiation, the creation of objects during the game's runtime is a crucial concept

for every beginner developer to get to grips with.

Having created our collection game and building interaction in previous chapters,

we'll be building upon the interactivity in our game by creating a basic target game,

which will involve throwing objects at targets to unlock a part of our environment.

This will not only teach you about instantiation, but also the crucial concept of using

rigid body physics objects in your games.

Chapter 7— Particle Systems

What's a 3D game these days without some fancy graphic effects to wow the player?

In this chapter, you'll be creating a log re to keep our player warm—using two

particle systems, one for ames and the other for smoke.

Using a Particle System, we'll look at how we can mimic the behavior of re and

utilize images for each particle to add realism; we'll nish by disabling the re,

giving the player something to aim for—getting it lit to keep warm!

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 5 ]

Chapter 8—Menu Design

Creating a professional, easy-to-navigate menu is a crucial part of making an

enjoyable game product. What user is going to want to play your game if he or

she can't even nd the Start button? In this chapter, we look at the various ways

of creating menus and other user interfaces for the player to interact with.

You will create menus using both GUI textures and the GUI class in order to

create scalable interfaces that can be deployed on the desktop or the Web.

Chapter 9—Finishing Touches

In game production, especially in Unity, you will reach a point at which you have

just created some piece of interaction in your game that you're so pleased with, you

want to add that extra polish to make it really stand out to the player.

In this chapter we'll take a look at further uses of sound, lighting effects, trail

rendering, and other dynamic effects that are easy to implement, and make the

difference between a simple working game and a polished nal product.

Chapter 10—Building and sharing

In this chapter, we will look at how we can export your game for the Web and as a

standalone project. We'll look at various different settings you will need to consider

when you are preparing your nished product for your audience, such as graphical

quality, control input, and more.

Chapter 11—Testing and further study

In this chapter, we will discuss the ways in which you should move on from this

book, and how you can gather information from test users to improve your game.

This will help you prepare your project to be tested by a wider audience to get

feedback and make even better games!

What you need for this book

• An installed copy of the Unity software—a trial version is available from

Unity3D.com

• Internet connection in order to download supplied 3D models and other

assets, available from PacktPub.com

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 6 ]

• An available 3D modelling package, although this is not essential. All

materials used are provided as per above. If you are new to modelling, you

may wish to download one of a few free applications that work well with

Unity, such as Blender from Blender.org.

Who this book is for

Having worked with Unity for the past few years as a tutor, I've found the main

complaint that its users encounter is not with the software itself, but rather that there

is a lack of introductory material for new users coming from a non-programming

based background.

In the existing climate, this is, of course, rare; but with a tool such as Unity allowing

such ease of production as it does, the importance of such a tutorial guide has

become ever more pressing.

If you're a designer or animator who wishes to make their rst steps into game

development, or if you've simply spent many hours seated in front of video games,

with ideas bubbling away in the back of your mind, Unity and this book could be

your ideal starting point. I will assume no prior knowledge of game production and

start completely from scratch, inviting you to simply bring with you a passion for

making great games.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between

different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an

explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: "We can include other contexts through

the use of the

include directive."

A block of code will be set as follows:

if(collisionInfo.gameObject.name == "matchbox"){

Destroy(collisionInfo.gameObject);

haveMatches=true;

audio.PlayOneShot(batteryCollect);

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the

screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in our text like this: "clicking

the Next button moves you to the next screen."

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

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