Pro JavaFX 9：权威的桌面、移动和嵌入式Java客户端开发指南 - CSDN文库

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"Pro JavaFX 9.pdf 是一本详尽指南，涵盖了构建桌面、移动和嵌入式Java客户端的全面知识。由 Johan Vos、Stephen Chin、Weiqi Gao、James Weaver 和 Dean Iverson 合著，这本书是JavaFX开发的权威参考。" JavaFX 是一个强大的用户界面（UI）工具包，它源自 Chris Oliver 的创意，他在 SeeBeyond 公司时设计了 F3 语言，以满足企业应用中更丰富的用户交互需求。随着JavaFX的发展，它成为Java平台上的标准库，允许开发者创建现代、跨平台的图形用户界面。在"Pro JavaFX 9"一书中，作者们深入探讨了如何利用JavaFX来构建桌面、移动和嵌入式环境中的应用程序。这本书的第四版可能包括了以下关键知识点： 1. **JavaFX基础**：介绍JavaFX的核心概念，如Scene Graph（场景图），它是JavaFX界面构建的基础，以及Scene、Nodes（节点）、Layouts（布局）等元素的使用。 2. **JavaFX控件**：涵盖了一系列内置的UI控件，如按钮、文本框、列表视图等，以及如何自定义和扩展这些控件以满足特定需求。 3. **响应式编程**：讲解如何使用JavaFX的事件处理机制，实现用户交互的响应式设计，以提供流畅的用户体验。 4. **CSS样式和皮肤**：讨论如何使用CSS来控制JavaFX应用的外观，以及如何创建和应用皮肤以改变控件的视觉样式。 5. **媒体和图表**：介绍如何集成音频、视频和图表功能，用于数据可视化和多媒体播放。 6. **3D图形支持**：如果包含这一部分，将详细阐述如何利用JavaFX实现3D图形渲染，创建引人入胜的三维界面。 7. **移动和嵌入式开发**：针对JavaFX在移动设备和嵌入式系统上的应用，可能涉及平台特定的优化和部署策略。 8. **JavaFX与模块化**：由于Java 9引入了模块系统，书中的内容可能涵盖了如何将JavaFX应用与模块系统结合使用。 9. **打包和部署**：详细指导如何将JavaFX应用打包成可执行文件，包括使用JavaFX打包工具和部署到不同平台的策略。 10. **实战案例**：书中可能包含多个实际项目案例，展示如何从零开始构建完整的JavaFX应用，提供实践指导。 "Pro JavaFX 9"作为一本全面的指南，对于希望提升JavaFX技能的开发者来说是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅提供了理论知识，还包含了丰富的实践示例和最佳实践，帮助读者掌握构建现代、动态用户界面所需的技能。

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP-START IN JAVAFX

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IDE’s, such as IntelliJ or Eclipse, can be used as well. The NetBeans IDE can be downloaded from

https://netbeans.org/downloads.

Many JavaFX developers, especially those working on user interfaces, prefer a WYSIWYG tool for

creating interfaces. Scene Builder is a stand-alone tool that allows you to design JavaFX interfaces rather

than coding them. We discuss Scene Builder in Chapter 4. Although Scene Builder produces FXML—and

we discuss FXML in Chapter 3 as well—that can be used in any IDE, NetBeans provides a tight integration

with Scene Builder. The Scene Builder tool can be downloaded at http://gluonhq.com/products/scene-

builder/.

JavaFX, the Community

JavaFX is not a closed-source project, developed in a secret bunker. To the contrary, JavaFX is being

developed in an open spirit, with an open source code base, open mailing lists, and an open and active

community sharing knowledge.

The source code is developed in the OpenJFX project, which is a subproject of the OpenJDK project in

which Java SE is being developed. If you want to examine the source code or the architecture, or if you want

to read the technical discussions on the mailing list, have a look at http://openjdk.java.net/projects/

openjfx.

The developer community is very active, both in OpenJFX as well as in application-specific areas. Many

JavaFX developers regularly blog about their JavaFX activities, and many non-Oracle products and projects

related to JavaFX are being created and maintained by this community.

In addition, blogs maintained by JavaFX engineers and developers are great resources for up-to-

the-minute technical information on JavaFX. For example, Oracle JavaFX Engineer Jonathan Giles keep

the developer community apprised of the latest JavaFX innovations at http://fxexperience.com. The

“Resources” section at the end of this chapter contains the URLs of the blogs that the authors of this book

use to engage the JavaFX developer community.

Two important characteristics of the JavaFX Community are its own creativity and the desire to share.

There are a number of open-source efforts bringing added value to the JavaFX Platform. Because of good

cooperation between the JavaFX platform engineers and the external JavaFX developers, these open-source

projects fit very well with the official JavaFX platform.

Some of the most interesting efforts are listed here:

• Gluon allows you to create iOS and Android applications using Java and JavaFX. As

a consequence, your JavaFX application can be used to create an app for Android

devices and for the iPhone or the iPad.

This mobile port of JavaFX is discussed in more detail in Chapter 12.

• ControlsFX is a project working on adding high-quality controls and add-ons to the

JavaFX platform.

• JFXtras.org is another project working on adding high-quality controls and add-ons

to the JavaFX platform.

It is worth mentioning that the JavaFX team is closely watching the efforts in both JFXtras.org and

ControlsFX, and ideas that start in one of those projects might make it into one of the next releases of JavaFX.

Take a few minutes to explore these sites. Next, we point out some valuable resources.

Use the Official Specifications

While developing JavaFX applications, it is very useful to have access to the API Javadoc documentation,

which is available at http://download.java.net/jdk9/jfxdocs/index.html and shown in Figure1-2.

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP-START IN JAVAFX

7

with this technique. The idea only works if the end user has a JVM installed that is capable of executing the

application. This is not always true. Even in the desktop world, where a system can be delivered preinstalled

with a JVM, there are issues with versioning and security. Indeed, some applications are hard-coded against

a specific version of the JVM. Although vulnerabilities in the JVM are in most cases fixed very fast, this still

requires the end user to always install the latest version of the JVM, which can be pretty frustrating.

On top of that, browser manufacturers are increasingly reluctant to support alternative embedded

platforms. In summary, relying on a browser and on a local, preinstalled JVM does not provide the best end-

user experience.

The client software industry is shifting more and more toward the so-called app stores. In this concept,

applications can be downloaded and installed that are self-containing. They do not rely on preinstalled

execution environments. The principles originated in the mobile space, where Apple’s AppStore and

Android’s Play Store are leading the market. Especially in these markets, single-click installs have a huge

advantage over local downloads, unpacking, manual configuration, and more nightmares.

In Java terminology, a self-contained application means that the application is bundled together with a

JVM that is capable of running the application. In the past, this idea was often rejected because it made the

application bundle too big. However, with increasing memory and storage capacities, and with decreasing

costs of sending bytes over the Internet, this disadvantage is becoming less relevant.

There are a number of technologies being developed currently that help you bundle your application

with the correct JVM version and package it.

The standard technology for bundling Java applications with a Java Virtual Machine runtime is the

JavaPackager, which is developed inside the OpenJFX project area. JavaFXPackager contains an API for

creating self-contained bundles. This tool is used by NetBeans, and it can be used to generate self-contained

bundles with just a few clicks.

Now that you have the tools installed, we show you how to create a simple JavaFX program, and then

we walk through it in detail. The first program that we’ve chosen for you is called “Hello Earthrise,” which

demonstrates more features than the typical beginning “Hello World” program.

Developing Your First JavaFX Program: Hello Earthrise

On Christmas Eve in 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 entered lunar orbit for the first time in history. They were

the first humans to witness an “Earthrise,” taking the magnificent picture shown in Figure1-3. This image is

dynamically loaded from this book’s web site when the program starts, so you’ll need to be connected to the

Internet to view it.

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