DisplayPort 1.1标准详解：数字通信接口定义

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"DisplayPort 1.1 是一种数字通信接口标准，由Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)于2007年发布。该标准的主要目的是定义一个灵活的系统和设备，能够通过数字通信接口传输视频、音频和其他数据，应用于内部连接（如PC或显示器内的接口）以及外部显示连接（如PC与显示器、投影仪、电视或DVD播放器与电视显示之间的接口）。DisplayPort 1.1版本在DisplayPort 1.0的基础上进行了更新和改进，以满足行业的关键需求，包括高分辨率、高带宽、音频集成、兼容性及互操作性等。 DisplayPort标准详细定义了源设备（Source Device）和接收设备（Sink Device）之间通信的规范，支持多种类型的数据传输。它不仅提供高清视频传输，还内置音频通道，允许音频与视频同步无损传输。DisplayPort 1.1版本的带宽足以支持高达2560x1600的分辨率，适用于专业级的图形工作和高清娱乐应用。 DisplayPort接口具有以下主要特点： 1. 高带宽：DisplayPort 1.1支持高达10.8 Gbps的数据传输速率，可实现高分辨率视频流的实时传输。 2. 多通道传输：采用LVDS（Low-Voltage Differential Signaling）技术，DisplayPort可以有多个数据通道，提供更高的数据传输能力。 3. 无压缩传输：DisplayPort标准保证了未经压缩的原始视频和音频数据的传输，确保画质和音质的纯净度。 4. 自适应同步：DisplayPort支持自适应刷新率，允许显示器根据源设备的输出动态调整刷新率，减少画面撕裂和延迟。 5. 支持多显示器：DisplayPort接口可以通过菊花链（daisy-chaining）方式连接多个显示器，简化了多显示器系统的布线。 6. 兼容性：DisplayPort 1.1增加了对HDCP（High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection）的支持，以保护数字版权内容。 DisplayPort标准的修订历史和详细内容包括对物理层、链接层、包层、协议、设备角色、电源管理、安全性和互操作性的规定。这些部分详细阐述了如何实现DisplayPort接口的硬件设计、软件驱动程序开发以及设备间的兼容测试。此外，DisplayPort标准的制定也考虑到未来扩展的可能性，为高清视频、3D显示、多声道音频以及其他高级功能提供了坚实的基础。随着技术的发展，DisplayPort不断演进，后续版本（如1.2、1.4等）进一步提升了带宽和增加了新特性，如DisplayPort Alt Mode在USB Type-C接口中的集成，使得DisplayPort成为现代电子设备中不可或缺的显示接口之一。"

VESA DisplayPort Standard Version 1.1

1.2.4 DisplayPort Internal Connection Objectives

For internal connections such as within a notebook PC, or within a display, the DisplayPort specification is

designed to achieve the following technical objectives:

1) DisplayPort defines a common module connector to simplify internal device connections.

2) The number of lanes in the internal cable is implementation dependent, and may be one, two or four.

3) Internal DisplayPort connections may support both maximum and reduced link bandwidths.

4) Internal DisplayPort connections support low link power modes.

5) Hot plug support for internal DisplayPort connections is implementation dependent.

1.2.5 DisplayPort CE Connection Objectives

For application to consumer electronics devices, the DisplayPort specification is designed to address the

following technical objectives:

1) DisplayPort optionally delivers digital audio data concurrent with display data.

2) Provides support for maintaining synchronization for delivery of audio and video data to within +/-

1ms.

3) DisplayPort architecture supports an optional robust content protection capability that may be

economically implemented.

4) DisplayPort supports equivalent functionality to the feature sets defined in CEA-861-C for

transmission of high quality uncompressed audio-video content, and CEA-931-B for the transport of

remote control commands between sink and Source Devices.

5) DisplayPort supports variable audio formats, audio codings, sample frequencies, sample sizes, and

audio channel configurations. DisplayPort supports up to eight channels of LPCM (Linear Pulse Code

Modulation) audio at 192 kHz with a 24 bit sample size.

6) DisplayPort supports variable video formats based on flexible aspect, pixel format, and refresh rate

combinations based on the VESA DMT and CVT timing standards and those timing modes listed in

the CEA-861-C standard.

7) DisplayPort supports industry standard colorimetry specifications for consumer electronics devices

including RGB and YCbCr 4:2:2 and YCbCr 4:4:4.

1.2.6 Content Protection for DisplayPort

For implementations of the DisplayPort interface where content protection is desired, it is recommended that

either DPCP (Display Port Content Protection) Version 1.0 or HDCP Version 1.3 be used. This is

recommended in order to minimize incompatibilities between DisplayPort devices in the market.

1.3 Acronyms

Table 1-1: List of Acronyms

Acronym Stands For

API Application Programming Interface.

BER Bit Error Rate

bpc Bits Per Component

VESA DisplayPort Standard Version 1.1

1.4 Glossary

Table 1-2: Glossary of Terms

Terminology Definition

ANSI 8B/10B Channel coding specification as specified in ANSI X3.230-1994, clause 11

AUX CH

Half-duplex, bi-directional channel between DisplayPort transmitter and DisplayPort

receiver. Consists of 1 differential pair transporting self-clocked data. The DisplayPort

AUX CH supports a bandwidth of 1Mbps over DisplayPort link. DisplayPort Source

Device is the master (also referred to as AUX CH requester) that initiates an AUX CH

transaction. DisplayPort Sink Device is the slave (also referred to as AUX CH replier)

that replies to the AUX CH transaction initiated by the requester.

Box-to-box connection

DisplayPort link between two boxes that is detachable by an end user. A DisplayPort

cable-connector assembly for the box-to-box connection shall have four Main Link

lanes.

Bpc Bits per color, the number of bits for each of R,G, B or Y, C

, and C

Bpp

Bits per pixel, the number of bits for each pixel. For RGB and YC

4:4:4, the bpp

value is three times the bpc value. For YCbCr 4:2:2, the bpp value is two times the bpc

value.

Captive cable

DisplayPort cable that is attached to Sink Device and cannot be detached by an end user.

Captive DisplayPort cable may have one, two, or four Main Link lanes, while end-user-

detachable cable is required to have four Main Link lanes.

Branch Device

Devices located in between root (Source Device) and leaf (Sink Device). Examples are:

- Repeater Device,

- DisplayPort to legacy converter,

- Legacy to DisplayPort converter,

- Replicater device,

- Composite device.

For definitions of these Branch Devices, refer to section 2.1.4.

CEA range

Nominal zero luminance intensity level at 16 for 24 bpp, 64 for 30 bpp, 256 for 36 bpp,

and 1024 for 48 bpp.

Maximum luminance intensity level at maximum code value allowed for bit depth,

namely, 235 for 24 bpp RGB, 940 for 30 bpp RGB, 3760 for 36 bpp RGB, and 15040

for 48 bpp RGB.

Note:

The RGB CEA range is defined for 24, 30, 36, 48 bpp RGB only.

Debouncing timer

A timer that counts the “debouncing period” to elapse after a mechanical contact (for

example, plugging in a cable-connector assembly to a receptacle connector) to give the

signals on the connectors time to settle.

De-spreading

An operation by a Sink Device for getting rid of down-spread of the stream clock when

the clock is regenerated from the down-spread link symbol clock.

DPCP

DisplayPort Content Protection - one of the content protection system options for the

DisplayPort link.

Note:

DPCP is not part of the DisplayPort standard.

DisplayPort receiver

Circuitry that receives the incoming DisplayPort Main Link data. It also contains the

transceiver circuit for AUX CH.

DisplayPort transmitter

Circuitry that transmits the DisplayPort Main Link data. Also contains the transceiver

circuit for AUX CH.

DisplayPort Configuration

Data (DPCD)

Mapped to the DisplayPort address space of DisplayPort Sink Device. A DisplayPort

Source Device reads the receiver capability and status of the DisplayPort link and the

Sink Device from DPCD address. In addition, DisplayPort Source Device writes to the

link configuration field of DPCD to configure and initialize the link.

VESA DisplayPort Standard Version 1.1

Terminology Definition

Down-spread

Spreading a clock frequency downward from a peak frequency. As compared to “center-

spread”, avoids exceeding the peak frequency specification.

Embedded connection

DisplayPort link within a box that is not to be detached by an end user. DisplayPort

cable for the embedded connection may have one, two, or four Main Link lanes.

Gen-lock

Locking the output timing of a circuit to the input timing. For example, the DisplayPort

receiver may Gen-lock its DE output timing to the timing of DE signal it receives from a

transmitter on the other end of the link.

HDCP

High- bandwidth Digital Content Protection - one of the content protection system

options for the DisplayPort link.

Note:

HDCP is not part of the DisplayPort standard.

HPD Pulse

There are two kinds of HPD (Hot Plug Detect) pulse depending on the duration.

- A Sink Device, when issuing an IRQ (interrupt request) to the Source Device, must

generate a low-going HPD pulse of 0.5ms → 1ms in duration. Upon detecting this “IRQ

HPD pulse”, the Source Device must read the link / sink status field of the DPCD and

take corrective action.

- When a source detects a low-going HPD pulse longer than 2ms in duration, it must be

regarded as a hot-plug-event HPD pulse. Upon detecting this hot-plug-event HPD pulse,

the source must read the receiver capability field and link / sink status field of the DPCD

and take corrective action.

Hybrid device

A Branch Device responsible for transporting data between one or more Sources

Devices to one or more Sink Devices by means other than that provided for by the

physical layer as defined in chapter 3 and mechanical, cable-connector assembly

specifications as defined in section 4.1. A hybrid device may use alternative wired or

wire-free means including optical or radio technology. Such a device shall transport the

Link Layer as defined in chapter 2. The interfaces of hybrid devices must meet the

interface requirements of both Source and Sink Devices.

Idle pattern

Link symbol pattern sent over the link when the link is active with no stream data being

transmitted.

Leaf Device Sink Device, located at a leaf in a DisplayPort tree topology.

Link clock recovery Operation of recovering the link clock from the link data stream.

Link layer Server providing services as instructed or requested by the stream- / link-policy maker.

Link policy maker

Manages the link and is responsible for keeping the link synchronized. All DisplayPort

devices must have a link policy maker.

Link symbol clock

Link symbol clock frequency is 270 MHz for 2.7 Gbps per lane, while it is 162 MHz for

1.62 Gbps per lane.

Main link

Uni-directional channel for isochronous stream transport from DisplayPort Source

Device to DisplayPort Sink Device. Consists of 1, 2, or 4 lanes, or differential pairs.

Supports 2 bit rates: 2.7Gbps per lane (referred to as “high bit rate”) and 1.62Gbps per

lane (referred to as “low bit rate” or “reduced bit rate”).

Main stream attributes

Attributes describing the main video stream format in terms of geometry and color

format. Inserted once per video frame during the video blanking period. Used by the

DisplayPort receiver in reconstructing the stream.

Physical layer (PHY)

Consists of logical and electrical sub-blocks. The physical layer decouples data

transmission electrical specifications from the DisplayPort link layer.

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DisplayPort 1.1标准详解：数字通信接口定义

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