深入探索Shell脚本编程：高级Bash脚本指南

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"《高级shell编程.pdf》是Mendel Cooper撰写的一本深入探索shell脚本编程艺术的书籍，适合没有编程背景的读者逐步进阶到中级或高级水平。书中穿插了UNIX智慧和知识，既可用作教材，也可作为自我学习的手册和shell脚本技术的参考来源。书中包含大量练习和详尽注释的例子，鼓励读者积极参与实践，因为真正的学习脚本编程的方法就是编写脚本。这本书也适合作为介绍编程概念的课堂教材。" 在《高级shell编程》中，作者首先从基础开始讲解，引导读者了解shell编程的基础知识。第一章"Shell编程!"介绍了shell编程的基本概念，让读者对shell有一个初步的认识。第二章"Starting Off With a Sha-Bang"（以惊叹号开始）讲解了如何启动脚本，包括如何正确地调用脚本和一些初步的练习，让读者能够开始编写并运行简单的shell脚本。在描述中提到了"SWOZZLEBERRY", "VORTEXBERRY"和"TUNGSTENBERRY"这些修订版本，这可能表示书籍经过多次更新和改进，每次更新都带来了新的内容或修复了错误，确保了读者可以获取最新的知识。书中涵盖的内容广泛，包括变量、条件语句、循环结构、函数定义、错误处理、输入/输出重定向、管道和过滤器等核心shell编程元素。通过深入学习，读者不仅可以掌握shell脚本编写技巧，还能理解如何利用shell来管理和自动化日常的系统任务，这对Linux系统管理员尤其有帮助。此外，书中的练习和注释丰富的示例提供了实践操作的机会，使理论知识得以巩固，帮助读者提高解决问题的能力。通过参与这些活动，读者将能够逐步建立起自己的shell脚本编写能力，从而在实际工作中更加高效地处理各种任务。《高级shell编程》是一本全面而深入的shell编程教程，无论你是初学者还是有一定经验的程序员，都能从中获益，提升你的shell脚本编写技巧和对Linux系统的理解。

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bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME"

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix K). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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