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LAMMPS分子动力学模拟指南:入门与命令解析
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更新于2024-07-19
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"LAMMPS用户手册,2016年7月30日版本,由Sandia National Laboratories发布,遵循GNU General Public License。"
LAMMPS(Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator)是一种强大的分子动力学模拟软件,用于进行各种尺度的原子和分子系统的并行计算。该软件具有以下主要特点:
1. **介绍**
- **什么是LAMMPS**:LAMMPS被设计用于模拟大范围的原子和分子系统,包括但不限于固体、液体、表面、生物分子以及复杂的材料结构。它可以处理各种类型的相互作用力场,并支持多种并行计算策略。
- **LAMMPS特性**:LAMMPS包含大量内置的计算方法,如分子动力学、蒙特卡洛、热力学集成等,同时支持多种势函数,如EAM、LJ、 Buckingham等。此外,它还允许用户自定义计算和力场。
- **非特性**:尽管功能强大,但LAMMPS并不包括所有可能的分子模拟工具,例如量子力学计算,这需要其他专门的软件来完成。
- **开源分布**:LAMMPS是开源软件,可以在其官方网站lammps.sandia.gov获取,用户可以根据自己的需求对其进行定制和扩展。
- **致谢与引用**:Sandia Corporation是LAMMPS的主要开发者,用户在使用时应按照开源协议进行适当引用。
2. **开始使用**
- **分发内容**:LAMMPS的分发包包含了源代码、文档、示例输入文件和预编译的二进制文件。
- **构建LAMMPS**:用户需要编译源代码才能使用,可以使用简单的Makefile或Make.py工具,还可以选择安装可选的扩展包以增强功能。
- **作为库构建**:除了作为独立程序运行,LAMMPS还可以编译成库,供其他应用程序调用。
- **运行LAMMPS**:通过命令行启动LAMMPS,可以设置各种参数和选项,LAMMPS会输出详细的信息帮助用户跟踪模拟进程。
- **命令行选项**:LAMMPS接受许多命令行参数,用于控制模拟设置、输出和性能优化。
- **屏幕输出**:LAMMPS在运行过程中会显示状态信息,包括时间步、能量、温度等关键参数。
- **对旧版用户的提示**:对于已经熟悉早期版本LAMMPS的用户,手册提供了转换和适应新版的建议。
3. **命令**
- **LAMMPS输入脚本**:LAMMPS使用文本输入文件来指定模拟的设置和过程,包括初始化、设置参数、运行模拟和分析结果。
- **解析规则**:输入脚本的语法有一定的规范,包括注释、变量、命令和指令。
- **输入脚本结构**:通常包括设置物理参数、创建系统、定义相互作用、执行模拟和输出结果等部分。
- **按类别列出的命令**:命令分为多个类别,如计算(compute)、固定(fix)、配对(pair)、键合(bond)、角度(angle)、四面体(dihedral)和不规则(improper)风格等。
- **单个命令**:每个命令都有详细的描述,包括用途、参数和例子,方便用户理解和应用。
LAMMPS的灵活性和可扩展性使得它在材料科学、化学、生物学等多个领域得到广泛应用。通过学习和掌握LAMMPS,研究者能够模拟各种复杂系统的行为,从原子尺度理解物质性质,预测材料性能,甚至指导新材料的设计和发现。
Table of Contents
pair_style coul/dsf command.......................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/dsf/gpu command...............................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/dsf/kk command.................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/dsf/omp command..............................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/long command....................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/long/cs command................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/long/omp command............................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/long/gpu command.............................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/long/kk command...............................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/msm command....................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/msm/omp command...........................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/streitz command..................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/wolf command....................................................................................................1365
pair_style coul/wolf/kk command...............................................................................................1366
pair_style coul/wolf/omp command............................................................................................1366
pair_style tip4p/cut command.....................................................................................................1366
pair_style tip4p/long command...................................................................................................1366
pair_style tip4p/cut/omp command.............................................................................................1366
pair_style tip4p/long/omp command...........................................................................................1366
pair_style coul/diel command.....................................................................................................1371
pair_style coul/diel/omp command.............................................................................................1371
pair_style born/coul/long/cs command.......................................................................................1373
pair_style buck/coul/long/cs command.......................................................................................1373
pair_style lj/cut/dipole/cut command..........................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/cut/dipole/cut/gpu command...................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/cut/dipole/cut/omp command..................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/sf/dipole/sf command..............................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/sf/dipole/sf/gpu command.......................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/sf/dipole/sf/omp command......................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/cut/dipole/long command........................................................................................1375
pair_style lj/long/dipole/long command......................................................................................1375
pair_style dpd command.............................................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/gpu command......................................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/omp command.....................................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/tstat command......................................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/tstat/gpu command...............................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/tstat/omp command.............................................................................................1383
pair_style dpd/fdt command........................................................................................................1387
pair_style dpd/fdt/energy command............................................................................................1387
pair_style dsmc command...........................................................................................................1390
pair_style eam command.............................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/gpu command......................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/kk command........................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/omp command.....................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/opt command.......................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/alloy command....................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/alloy/gpu command.............................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/alloy/kk command...............................................................................................1393
LAMMPS Users Manual
xv
Table of Contents
pair_style eam/alloy/omp command...........................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/alloy/opt command.............................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/cd command........................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/cd/omp command................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/fs command.........................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/fs/gpu command..................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/fs/kk command....................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/fs/omp command.................................................................................................1393
pair_style eam/fs/opt command...................................................................................................1393
pair_style edip command.............................................................................................................1401
pair_style eff/cut command.........................................................................................................1404
pair_style eim command.............................................................................................................1410
pair_style eim/omp command.....................................................................................................1410
pair_style exp6/rx command.......................................................................................................1414
pair_style gauss command...........................................................................................................1417
pair_style gauss/gpu command...................................................................................................1417
pair_style gauss/omp command..................................................................................................1417
pair_style gauss/cut command.....................................................................................................1417
pair_style gauss/cut/omp command............................................................................................1417
pair_style gayberne command.....................................................................................................1420
pair_style gayberne/gpu command..............................................................................................1420
pair_style gayberne/intel command.............................................................................................1420
pair_style gayberne/omp command.............................................................................................1420
pair_style gran/hooke command.................................................................................................1424
pair_style gran/omp command....................................................................................................1424
pair_style gran/hooke/history command.....................................................................................1424
pair_style gran/hooke/history/omp command.............................................................................1424
pair_style gran/hertz/history command.......................................................................................1424
pair_style gran/hertz/history/omp command...............................................................................1424
pair_style lj/gromacs command...................................................................................................1429
pair_style lj/gromacs/gpu command...........................................................................................1429
pair_style lj/gromacs/omp command..........................................................................................1429
pair_style lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs command............................................................................1429
pair_style lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs/omp command....................................................................1429
pair_style hbond/dreiding/lj command........................................................................................1432
pair_style hbond/dreiding/lj/omp command...............................................................................1432
pair_style hbond/dreiding/morse command................................................................................1432
pair_style hbond/dreiding/morse/omp command........................................................................1432
pair_style hybrid command.........................................................................................................1437
pair_style hybrid/omp command.................................................................................................1437
pair_style hybrid/overlay command............................................................................................1437
pair_style hybrid/overlay/omp command....................................................................................1437
pair_style kim command.............................................................................................................1443
pair_style lcbop command...........................................................................................................1445
pair_style line/lj command..........................................................................................................1447
pair_style list command...............................................................................................................1450
pair_style lj/cut command...........................................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/gpu command....................................................................................................1453
LAMMPS Users Manual
xvi
Table of Contents
pair_style lj/cut/intel command...................................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/kk command......................................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/opt command.....................................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/omp command...................................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut command.............................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/gpu command......................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/omp command.....................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye command.........................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye/gpu command.................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye/kk command...................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye/omp command................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf command.............................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf/gpu command......................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf/kk command........................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf/omp command.....................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long command...........................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/cs command.......................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/gpu command....................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/intel command...................................................................................1453
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/opt command.....................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/omp command...................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm command..........................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm/gpu command...................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm/omp command..................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/cut command............................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/cut/omp command....................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long command..........................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long/omp command.................................................................................1454
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long/opt command...................................................................................1454
pair_style lj96/cut command.......................................................................................................1460
pair_style lj96/cut/gpu command................................................................................................1460
pair_style lj96/cut/omp command...............................................................................................1460
pair_style lj/cubic command.......................................................................................................1462
pair_style lj/cubic/gpu command................................................................................................1462
pair_style lj/cubic/omp command...............................................................................................1462
pair_style lj/expand command.....................................................................................................1464
pair_style lj/expand/gpu command.............................................................................................1464
pair_style lj/expand/omp command............................................................................................1464
pair_style lj/long/coul/long command.........................................................................................1466
pair_style lj/long/coul/long/omp command.................................................................................1466
pair_style lj/long/coul/long/opt command...................................................................................1466
pair_style lj/long/tip4p/long command.......................................................................................1466
pair_style lj/sf command.............................................................................................................1470
pair_style lj/sf/omp command.....................................................................................................1470
pair_style lj/smooth command....................................................................................................1472
pair_style lj/smooth/omp command............................................................................................1472
pair_style lj/smooth/linear command..........................................................................................1474
pair_style lj/smooth/linear/omp command..................................................................................1474
LAMMPS Users Manual
xvii
Table of Contents
pair_style lj/cut/soft command....................................................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/soft/omp command............................................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/soft command......................................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/soft/omp command..............................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/soft command....................................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/soft/omp command............................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long/soft command...................................................................................1476
pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long/soft/omp command..........................................................................1476
pair_style lj/charmm/coul/long/soft command............................................................................1476
pair_style lj/charmm/coul/long/soft/omp command...................................................................1476
pair_style coul/cut/soft command...............................................................................................1476
pair_style coul/cut/soft/omp command.......................................................................................1476
pair_style coul/long/soft command.............................................................................................1476
pair_style coul/long/soft/omp command.....................................................................................1476
pair_style tip4p/long/soft command............................................................................................1476
pair_style tip4p/long/soft/omp command....................................................................................1476
pair_style lubricate command.....................................................................................................1481
pair_style lubricate/omp command.............................................................................................1481
pair_style lubricate/poly command.............................................................................................1481
pair_style lubricate/poly/omp command.....................................................................................1481
pair_style lubricateU command...................................................................................................1485
pair_style lubricateU/poly command..........................................................................................1485
pair_style lj/mdf command..........................................................................................................1489
pair_style buck/mdf command....................................................................................................1489
pair_style lennard/mdf command................................................................................................1489
pair_style meam command..........................................................................................................1492
pair_style meam/spline................................................................................................................1498
pair_style meam/spline/omp........................................................................................................1498
pair_style meam/sw/spline..........................................................................................................1501
pair_style meam/sw/spline/omp..................................................................................................1501
pair_style mgpt command...........................................................................................................1504
pair_style mie/cut command.......................................................................................................1508
pair_style mie/cut/gpu command................................................................................................1508
pair_style morse command..........................................................................................................1510
pair_style morse/gpu command...................................................................................................1510
pair_style morse/omp command.................................................................................................1510
pair_style morse/opt command...................................................................................................1510
pair_style morse/smooth/linear command...................................................................................1510
pair_style morse/smooth/linear/omp command..........................................................................1510
pair_style morse/soft command...................................................................................................1510
pair_style multi/lucy command...................................................................................................1513
pair_style multi/lucy/rx command...............................................................................................1517
pair_style nb3b/harmonic command...........................................................................................1521
pair_style nb3b/harmonic/omp command...................................................................................1521
pair_style nm/cut command........................................................................................................1523
pair_style nm/cut/coul/cut command..........................................................................................1523
pair_style nm/cut/coul/long command........................................................................................1523
pair_style nm/cut/omp command................................................................................................1523
LAMMPS Users Manual
xviii
Table of Contents
pair_style nm/cut/coul/cut/omp command..................................................................................1523
pair_style nm/cut/coul/long/omp command................................................................................1523
pair_style none command............................................................................................................1526
pair_style peri/pmb command.....................................................................................................1527
pair_style peri/pmb/omp command.............................................................................................1527
pair_style peri/lps command.......................................................................................................1527
pair_style peri/lps/omp command...............................................................................................1527
pair_style peri/ves command.......................................................................................................1527
pair_style peri/eps command.......................................................................................................1527
pair_style polymorphic command...............................................................................................1531
pair_style quip command............................................................................................................1537
pair_style reax command.............................................................................................................1539
pair_style reax/c command..........................................................................................................1543
pair_style reax/c/kk command.....................................................................................................1543
pair_style resquared command....................................................................................................1548
pair_style resquared/gpu command.............................................................................................1548
pair_style resquared/omp command............................................................................................1548
pair_style lj/sdk command...........................................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/gpu command...................................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/kk command.....................................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/omp command..................................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/coul/long command..........................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/coul/long/gpu command...................................................................................1552
pair_style lj/sdk/coul/long/omp command..................................................................................1552
pair_style smd/hertz command....................................................................................................1555
pair_style smd/tlsph command....................................................................................................1556
pair_style smd/tri_surface command...........................................................................................1557
pair_style smd/ulsph command...................................................................................................1558
pair_style smtbq command..........................................................................................................1560
pair_style snap command............................................................................................................1566
pair_style soft command.............................................................................................................1569
pair_style soft/gpu command......................................................................................................1569
pair_style soft/omp command.....................................................................................................1569
pair_style sph/heatconduction command....................................................................................1572
pair_style sph/idealgas command................................................................................................1573
pair_style sph/lj command...........................................................................................................1575
pair_style sph/rhosum command.................................................................................................1577
pair_style sph/taitwater command...............................................................................................1578
pair_style sph/taitwater/morris command...................................................................................1580
pair_style srp command...............................................................................................................1582
pair_style sw command...............................................................................................................1585
pair_style sw/gpu command........................................................................................................1585
pair_style sw/intel command.......................................................................................................1585
pair_style sw/kk command..........................................................................................................1585
pair_style sw/omp command.......................................................................................................1585
pair_style table command............................................................................................................1589
pair_style table/gpu command.....................................................................................................1589
pair_style table/kk command.......................................................................................................1589
LAMMPS Users Manual
xix
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