高级Shell编程教程：迈向中级/高级阶段

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《高级Bash Shell编程指南》(Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide)是一本深入探索Shell脚本艺术的权威著作，由Mendel Cooper撰写，邮箱地址为<the_grendel.abs@gmail.com>。本书特别适合具有一定基础的读者，旨在引导读者从零开始，迅速提升到中级到高级的水平，同时融入丰富的UNIX®知识和经验。它不仅是教材，自学手册，还是一个关于Shell脚本技术的全面参考和知识宝库。作者强调通过实践学习的重要性，书中充满了习题和详尽注释的实例，鼓励读者积极参与，通过编写脚本来真正掌握技能。由于其广泛的适用性，这本书不仅适合作为课堂上的入门教程，教授编程基本概念，还非常适合个人自我学习和专业发展。本书的最新版本是第6.4版，修订日期为2011年8月30日，由mc完成，这次修订可能是"SQUOZZLEBERRY"或"VORTEXBERRY"项目的一部分。该书在开篇首先介绍了Shell编程，然后逐步展开，包括但不限于： 1. 第1章：Shell编程入门 - 这部分会介绍Shell语言的基础概念，如脚本的结构、命令行接口的基本操作等，为后续章节打下坚实的基础。 2. 第2章：从sha-bang（#!/bin/bash）开始 - 详细讲解如何启动脚本，以及一些初步的练习，帮助读者熟悉脚本环境并建立基本语法习惯。通过这些章节，读者将学习到如何设计和执行命令，变量与参数管理，流程控制（条件语句和循环），函数的创建，以及如何利用Shell的内置功能来增强脚本的功能性。此外，书中还会涉及文件处理、目录操作、错误处理和调试技巧等高级主题。《高级Bash Shell编程指南》是一本综合性的资源，无论你是初学者还是希望进一步提升Shell脚本能力的开发者，都将从中受益匪浅。书中实践导向的学习方法和深入的知识讲解，无疑会推动读者在Shell编程的道路上不断进步。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME"

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix K). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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