Python与Java类库：构建Web与企业应用的实战教程

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"《Python编程与Java类库：Jython构建Web和企业应用教程》是一本由Richard Hightower所著的专业书籍，由Addison Wesley出版社于2002年6月28日发行，ISBN号为0-201-61616-5。本书共640页，以Python语言为核心，其简洁的语法、丰富的表达能力和易用性，使其在近十年间一直受到初学者和专业开发者的青睐。 Python与Java的紧密关系是本书的一大亮点。作者从Python的基础编程概念入手，通过大量实践性的练习和互动式编程环节，帮助读者建立起坚实的编程基础。对于新手程序员来说，这本书不仅介绍了核心概念，还提供了实用技巧的学习路径，使他们能够快速上手并应用于实际项目。对于有经验的开发者，该书展示了Python的强大功能，特别是如何有效地与Java API进行集成，以支持专业级的企业级应用程序开发。通过学习，读者将了解到如何利用Python与Java类库进行交互，创建高效、可维护的Web应用，以及如何在分布式环境中扩展和优化系统性能。此教程不仅仅是一本Python编程指南，更是Python与Java技术栈融合的实战指南，适合那些寻求在Web和企业领域深度发展的程序员，无论是想要入门还是提升技能，都能从中获益匪浅。通过本书，读者将掌握如何利用Python的优雅特性来解决复杂问题，并充分利用Java的强大生态系统，为构建现代企业级应用奠定坚实基础。"

•

Table of

Contents

Python Programming with the Java™ Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building

Web and Enterprise Applications with Jython

Richard Hightower

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: June 28, 2002

ISBN

: 0-201-61616-5

Pages

: 640

Characterized by ease of use, richness of expression, and concise syntax, Python has

remained a premier programming language for more than a decade, and is used by

novices and professionals alike. In particular, its close relationship to Java(TM) makes

the two languages, when used in combination, ideal for Web and distributed enterprise

application development.

This tutorial begins with coverage of some of the basics of Python programming. Using

plenty of skill-building exercises and interactive programming sessions, this book will

help those new to programming develop an understanding of concepts and practical

techniques. For experienced programmers, the book demonstrates Python's breadth of

capabilities and shows the ways that Python interfaces with Java APIs for professional

application development.

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building Web

and Enterprise Applications with Jython

covers important topics such as:

Fundamental programming concepts, including statements, expressions,

interpreters, and compilers

Python basics, including operators, string formatting, namespaces, classes, errors,

and exceptions

Object-oriented programming concepts

File input/output

Python's intrinsic functions

Formatting, parsing, and manipulating strings

Interfacing with the Java APIs and working with Java Streams

Using Python and Java Swing to create GUIs

Working with SQL and JDBC(TM)

Python and Java applets

In addition, the book contains instructions for downloading and installing the Python

language and the Java Development Kit (JDK). Terminology, definitions, explanations,

and numerous code samples make this book a useful learning experience.

Whether you are a sophisticated computer user new to programming or a serious

application developer,

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries

will

give you insight into the power of Python and the know-how to put it to work.

777

'abcd'

The first line assigns the letters of the alphabet to the variable

alphabet

; the second line assigns the value of

indexes 0 through 3 to the variable

AthruD

; the third line instructs Python to output

AthruD

; the fourth line

is the result:

'abcd'

Another way to write the slice

[0:4]

is as

[:4]

. An omitted first index tells Python to start at zero. In the

same way,

[1:]

tells Python to start at index 1 and make the rest of the string the slice. The following example

uses the slice notation in all three ways: without a first index in the first line; with both indexes in the fourth line;

and without the second index in seventh line.

Table 1-1

describes each of these slices in English.

>>> AthruD= alphabet[:4]

>>> AthruD

'abcd'

Table 1-1. Slice Notation

Slice

Meaning

AthruD=alphabet[:4]

Assign the variable

AthruD

from the first character up to but not

including the 4 index, i.e., index 0 through index 3.

EthruM=alphabet[4:13]

Assign the variable

EthruM

from the 4 index up to but not including

the 13 index.

NthruZ=alphabet[13:]

Assign the variable

NthruZ

from the 13 index up to and including the

last character in this string.

>>> EthruM = alphabet[4:13]

>>> EthruM

'efghijklm'

>>> NthruZ = alphabet[13:]

>>> NthruZ

'nopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> alphabet2 = AthruD + EthruM + NthruZ

>>> alphabet2

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> alphabet

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

The Slice

In a slice notation, the range of the slice is up to

but not including

the second index. Thus, a slice

[2:5]

actually means the second through the fourth characters in a string.

Lists

A list is a built-in Python type (remember, we'll get to types in

Chapter 2

). It's in the same type family as a string

and can contain either strings or numbers. Lists are somewhat like arrays in Java or C, except that they can

contain values of different types.

The following example shows how a list uses slice notation:

>>> letters = "abcdefghijklmnop"

>>> numbers = "123456789"

>>> list = [letters, numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]

>>> list[0]

'abcdefghijklmnop'

•

Table of

Contents

Python Programming with the Java™ Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building

Web and Enterprise Applications with Jython

Richard Hightower

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: June 28, 2002

ISBN

: 0-201-61616-5

Pages

: 640

Characterized by ease of use, richness of expression, and concise syntax, Python has

remained a premier programming language for more than a decade, and is used by

novices and professionals alike. In particular, its close relationship to Java(TM) makes

the two languages, when used in combination, ideal for Web and distributed enterprise

application development.

This tutorial begins with coverage of some of the basics of Python programming. Using

plenty of skill-building exercises and interactive programming sessions, this book will

help those new to programming develop an understanding of concepts and practical

techniques. For experienced programmers, the book demonstrates Python's breadth of

capabilities and shows the ways that Python interfaces with Java APIs for professional

application development.

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building Web

and Enterprise Applications with Jython

covers important topics such as:

Fundamental programming concepts, including statements, expressions,

interpreters, and compilers

Python basics, including operators, string formatting, namespaces, classes, errors,

and exceptions

Object-oriented programming concepts

File input/output

Python's intrinsic functions

Formatting, parsing, and manipulating strings

Interfacing with the Java APIs and working with Java Streams

Using Python and Java Swing to create GUIs

Working with SQL and JDBC(TM)

Python and Java applets

In addition, the book contains instructions for downloading and installing the Python

language and the Java Development Kit (JDK). Terminology, definitions, explanations,

and numerous code samples make this book a useful learning experience.

Whether you are a sophisticated computer user new to programming or a serious

application developer,

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries

will

give you insight into the power of Python and the know-how to put it to work.

777

>>> list[1]

'123456789'

>>> list[2]

>>> list[7]

1.0

>>> list[:]

['abcdefghijklmnop', '123456789', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]

>>> len(list)

>>> list = ["hello", "goodbye"]

>>> list[0:2]

['hello', 'goodbye']

>>>len (list)

Python as a Main Program

In interactive mode, you work with Python one instruction at a time. When it's set up as a standalone program

(i.e., not needing user interaction), Python performs any number of consecutive tasks. Just turn it on, and it does

all the rest. To use Python this way, you first have to write a program and then save it as a text file.

Enter the following at your console and save it as

campPython.py.

print "hello mother"

print "hello father"

print "greetings from camp Python"

Go to the command prompt and enter

Jython campPython.py

C:\book\chap1>jython campPython.py

The output is

hello mother

hello father

greetings from camp Python

Essentially, you've created a module called

campPython.py,

and the text you typed in is the module's main

method—the code that's executed first.

Now take a look at the next code example. It represents a module containing a class called

Camp

, a method

called

SayHello()

, and a function called

sayCampHello()

class Camp:

def sayHello(self):

return "\n Hello Mom \n Hello Dad"

def sayCampHello():

camp = Camp()

print ("Hello: " + camp.sayHello())

if __name__ == "__main__":

sayCampHello()

If you're feeling adventurous, enter this module and run it, making sure to indent each line exactly as shown.

Don't waste too much time trying to figure out what's going on, however. For that you have to know about

functions, which are covered in

Chapter 3

, and classes, which are covered in

Chapter 5

(along with methods). By

•

Table of

Contents

Python Programming with the Java™ Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building

Web and Enterprise Applications with Jython

Richard Hightower

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: June 28, 2002

ISBN

: 0-201-61616-5

Pages

: 640

Characterized by ease of use, richness of expression, and concise syntax, Python has

remained a premier programming language for more than a decade, and is used by

novices and professionals alike. In particular, its close relationship to Java(TM) makes

the two languages, when used in combination, ideal for Web and distributed enterprise

application development.

This tutorial begins with coverage of some of the basics of Python programming. Using

plenty of skill-building exercises and interactive programming sessions, this book will

help those new to programming develop an understanding of concepts and practical

techniques. For experienced programmers, the book demonstrates Python's breadth of

capabilities and shows the ways that Python interfaces with Java APIs for professional

application development.

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building Web

and Enterprise Applications with Jython

covers important topics such as:

Fundamental programming concepts, including statements, expressions,

interpreters, and compilers

Python basics, including operators, string formatting, namespaces, classes, errors,

and exceptions

Object-oriented programming concepts

File input/output

Python's intrinsic functions

Formatting, parsing, and manipulating strings

Interfacing with the Java APIs and working with Java Streams

Using Python and Java Swing to create GUIs

Working with SQL and JDBC(TM)

Python and Java applets

In addition, the book contains instructions for downloading and installing the Python

language and the Java Development Kit (JDK). Terminology, definitions, explanations,

and numerous code samples make this book a useful learning experience.

Whether you are a sophisticated computer user new to programming or a serious

application developer,

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries

will

give you insight into the power of Python and the know-how to put it to work.

777

the way, the line

if __name__=="__main__":

indicates that this part of the module should be

executed if this script is run as the main program (from the command prompt example).

For Programmers Only

Novices, go ahead and read the following two subsections if you like, but they're way over your head right now.

Code Blocks

In the

Camp

example, notice that the class and function definitions don't have block delimiters but are delimited

by whitespace only. In Python, indentation defines code blocks, so all Python programs look pretty much the

same. This is in real contrast with other languages, such as C++ or Visual Basic, in which three different

programmers can come up with three different styles for the same program. You should understand the issue if

you've ever written a language style guide. In a Python style guide, defining the best style for delimiting code

blocks is something you won't have to worry about.

Passing Arguments to a Program

If you're writing a utility application, you might want to be able to pass command-line arguments to the program.

In Python, we do this by putting the arguments on the command line after the script.

C:\book\chap1>jython args.py hello how are you

Here we enter four command-line arguments in the

args

module. These arguments are stored in a list called

argv

in the

sys

module (

sys

must be imported before it can be used by

args

). The

args.py

module is an

example of using the

sys.argv

variable.

import sys

print(sys.argv[0])

print(sys.argv[1])

print(sys.argv[2])

print(sys.argv[3])

print(sys.argv[4])

The first line of

args

imports the

sys

module. The second through sixth lines place each command-line argument

in the

sys.argv

list. This produces the following output:

args.py

hello

how

are

you

As you can see,

sys

.argv[0]

equals

args.py

, which is the name of the script.

argv[1:]

equals the

remaining command-line arguments—

hello

how

are

you

. Remember, the slice notation

argv[1:]

indicates the 1 index through the end of the

argv

list.

Back to Basics

If you're working in a Python program, you can switch to interactive mode with the

-i

command-line argument,

which allows the script to be interpreted and then inspected by the interactive interpreter. You'll be glad to have

this feature if there's a bug in your code that you need to find and fix.

The following code is our

campPython.py

module, this time with the

-i

inserted before the module name in the

first line.

C:\book\chap1>jython -i campHello2.py

•

Table of

Contents

Python Programming with the Java™ Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building

Web and Enterprise Applications with Jython

Richard Hightower

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: June 28, 2002

ISBN

: 0-201-61616-5

Pages

: 640

Characterized by ease of use, richness of expression, and concise syntax, Python has

remained a premier programming language for more than a decade, and is used by

novices and professionals alike. In particular, its close relationship to Java(TM) makes

the two languages, when used in combination, ideal for Web and distributed enterprise

application development.

This tutorial begins with coverage of some of the basics of Python programming. Using

plenty of skill-building exercises and interactive programming sessions, this book will

help those new to programming develop an understanding of concepts and practical

techniques. For experienced programmers, the book demonstrates Python's breadth of

capabilities and shows the ways that Python interfaces with Java APIs for professional

application development.

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building Web

and Enterprise Applications with Jython

covers important topics such as:

Fundamental programming concepts, including statements, expressions,

interpreters, and compilers

Python basics, including operators, string formatting, namespaces, classes, errors,

and exceptions

Object-oriented programming concepts

File input/output

Python's intrinsic functions

Formatting, parsing, and manipulating strings

Interfacing with the Java APIs and working with Java Streams

Using Python and Java Swing to create GUIs

Working with SQL and JDBC(TM)

Python and Java applets

In addition, the book contains instructions for downloading and installing the Python

language and the Java Development Kit (JDK). Terminology, definitions, explanations,

and numerous code samples make this book a useful learning experience.

Whether you are a sophisticated computer user new to programming or a serious

application developer,

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries

will

give you insight into the power of Python and the know-how to put it to work.

777

Hello:

Hello Mom

Hello Dad

>>> camp = Camp()

>>> print camp.sayHello()

Hello Mom

Hello Dad

>>>

The Fast Track

Python supports control flow, functions, exception handling, object-oriented programming, and more, much like

Java, Visual Basic, Perl, Delphi, and C++, among others. In syntax, Python is a lot like C, whose syntax is the

basis of that used in Java, JavaScript, and C++.

Types

Python is a dynamically typed language, similar to Smalltalk. When you assign a variable a value, that value

specifies the type. There are many built-in types in Python, but, unlike in Java, no primitive types. Functions,

methods, classes, code blocks, namespaces, numbers, strings, and so forth, are all treated as objects that can be

manipulated.

If you're a Smalltalk fan, you'll like Python. Of all of the mainstream programming languages, Python has the

closest thing to Smalltalk's object model (it even has multiple inheritance).

Numeric Types

Numeric types are objects in Python. The built-in function

type()

indicates the type, as the following code

snippet illustrates:

>>> myInt = 1

>>> type(myInt)

>>> myFloat = 1.1

>>> type(myFloat)

>>> myLong = 1l

>>> type(myLong)

You can add, subtract, divide, and multiply numeric types.

>>> num = 1 + 1

>>> print num

>>> average = (1+2+3)/3

>>> print average

Chapter 2

will tell you more about Python built-in types.

Chapter 3

will tell you about Python-supported

operators.

Collection Types

•

Table of

Contents

Python Programming with the Java™ Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building

Web and Enterprise Applications with Jython

Richard Hightower

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: June 28, 2002

ISBN

: 0-201-61616-5

Pages

: 640

Characterized by ease of use, richness of expression, and concise syntax, Python has

remained a premier programming language for more than a decade, and is used by

novices and professionals alike. In particular, its close relationship to Java(TM) makes

the two languages, when used in combination, ideal for Web and distributed enterprise

application development.

This tutorial begins with coverage of some of the basics of Python programming. Using

plenty of skill-building exercises and interactive programming sessions, this book will

help those new to programming develop an understanding of concepts and practical

techniques. For experienced programmers, the book demonstrates Python's breadth of

capabilities and shows the ways that Python interfaces with Java APIs for professional

application development.

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries: A Tutorial for Building Web

and Enterprise Applications with Jython

covers important topics such as:

Fundamental programming concepts, including statements, expressions,

interpreters, and compilers

Python basics, including operators, string formatting, namespaces, classes, errors,

and exceptions

Object-oriented programming concepts

File input/output

Python's intrinsic functions

Formatting, parsing, and manipulating strings

Interfacing with the Java APIs and working with Java Streams

Using Python and Java Swing to create GUIs

Working with SQL and JDBC(TM)

Python and Java applets

In addition, the book contains instructions for downloading and installing the Python

language and the Java Development Kit (JDK). Terminology, definitions, explanations,

and numerous code samples make this book a useful learning experience.

Whether you are a sophisticated computer user new to programming or a serious

application developer,

Python Programming with the Java(TM) Class Libraries

will

give you insight into the power of Python and the know-how to put it to work.

777

Python supports four main built-in collection types: strings, dictionaries, lists, and tuples. Strings, lists, and tuples

are called sequences, for which Python provides many built-in operations. If you know Java, think of a list as a

vector and a dictionary as a hashtable. If you know Visual Basic, think of a dictionary as a collection object or, if

you know Perl, as an associative array. Like Perl and Visual Basic, Python has a built-in syntax for dealing with

collections, which makes the code that works with them easier to write and understand. Java has no such syntax.

The example that follows shows how to declare an instance of each collection type.

>>> list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

>>> tuple = (1,2,3,4,5,6)

>>> string = "123456"

>>> dict = {"one":1, "two":2, "three":3, "four":4, "five":5, "six":6}

Here are the corresponding type names for each collection variable:

>>> type(list)

>>> type (tuple)

>>> type(string)

>>> type(dict)

Also like Perl and Visual Basic, Python allows effortless iteration through collections. Here's an example of

iterating through each item in a list, and printing it to the console, using a

for

loop:

>>> for item in list:

... print item

...

Here's the same

for

loop for a string and a tuple, respectively:

>>> for item in string:

... print item

...

>>> for item in tuple:

... print item

...

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Python与Java类库：构建Web与企业应用的实战教程

Addison-Wesley Python Programming with the Java Class Libraries

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