wxPython 2.8 应用程序开发实战指南

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"wxPython 2.8 应用程序开发实战指南" 《wxPython 2.8 Application Development Cookbook》是一本专门针对wxPython框架的应用程序开发的实用指南，适合有一定Python基础和wxWidgets经验的开发者参考。这本书由Cody Precord撰写，由Birmingham和Mumbai的Packt Publishing出版。 wxPython是一个流行的Python GUI工具包，它允许开发者使用Python语言来创建功能强大、可靠且可复用的桌面应用程序，而无需深入学习底层的图形用户界面编程。这本书旨在快速帮助读者掌握使用wxPython构建应用程序的技巧和最佳实践。书中可能涵盖了以下主要知识点： 1. **wxPython基础**：介绍wxPython的基本概念，包括窗口、控件、布局管理器等，帮助初学者理解如何构建用户界面。 2. **事件处理**：讲解如何处理用户的输入和交互，包括按钮点击、菜单选择等事件的绑定和响应。 3. **高级控件和组件**：介绍wxPython提供的丰富控件，如对话框、列表框、树形视图、图表组件等，并展示如何在应用程序中使用它们。 4. **数据模型和视图**：讨论如何将数据结构与用户界面进行绑定，实现数据驱动的界面，以及如何实现视图的更新。 5. **设计模式**：可能涵盖了软件工程中的设计模式，如MVC（模型-视图-控制器）模式，以便于代码组织和维护。 6. **性能优化**：讲述如何提高wxPython应用的性能，避免界面卡顿和延迟，提供流畅的用户体验。 7. **国际化和本地化**：介绍如何使应用程序支持多语言，适应不同地区的用户需求。 8. **错误处理和调试**：讲解如何有效地处理程序中的错误，以及如何使用调试工具排查问题。 9. **打包和部署**：解释如何将应用程序打包成独立的可执行文件，以便于分发和安装。 10. **最佳实践和案例研究**：通过实际项目或示例，展示如何运用所学知识来构建完整的wxPython应用程序。尽管书中可能包含了一些过时的信息，因为wxPython 2.8版本现在已经较旧，但其核心概念和大部分技术仍然适用于当前的wxPython版本。对于希望深入了解wxPython并提升GUI应用开发技能的开发者来说，这仍然是一份宝贵的参考资料。然而，开发者在使用书中的技术时，应考虑更新到最新版本的wxPython，以获取最新的特性和修复。

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iii

Table of Contents

Chapter 7: Window Layout and Design 143

Introduction 143

Using a BoxSizer 144

Understanding proportions, ags, and borders 148

Laying out controls with the GridBagSizer 152

Standard dialog button layout 154

Using XML resources 157

Making a custom resource handler 160

Using the AuiFrameManager 163

Chapter 8: Drawing to the Screen 167

Introduction 167

Screen drawing 168

Drawing shapes 171

Utilizing SystemSettings 174

Using a GraphicsContext 177

Drawing with RendererNative 180

Reducing icker in drawing routines 184

Chapter 9: Design Approaches and Techniques 187

Introduction 187

Creating Singletons 188

Implementing an observer pattern 190

Strategy pattern 194

Model View Controller 197

Using mixin classes 203

Using decorators 206

Chapter 10: Creating Components and Extending Functionality 209

Introduction 209

Customizing the ArtProvider 210

Adding controls to a StatusBar 212

Making a tool window 215

Creating a SearchBar 217

Working with ListCtrl mixins 220

StyledTextCtrl custom highlighting 222

Creating a custom control 225

Chapter 11: Using Threads and Timers to

Create Responsive Interfaces 231

Introduction 231

Non-Blocking GUI 232

Understanding thread safety 236

Preface

In today's world of desktop applications, there is a great amount of incentive to be able

to develop applications that can run in more than one environment. Currently, there are a

handful of options available for cross-platform frameworks to develop desktop applications in

Python. wxPython is one such cross-platform GUI toolkit for the Python programming language.

It allows Python programmers to create programs with a complete, highly-functional graphical

user interface, simply and easily. wxPython code style has changed quite a bit over the years,

and has become much more Pythonic. The examples that you will nd in this book are fully

up-to-date and reect this change in style. This cookbook provides you with the latest recipes

to quickly create robust, reliable, and reusable wxPython applications. These recipes will guide

you from writing simple, basic wxPython scripts all the way through complex concepts, and

also feature various design approaches and techniques in wxPython.

This book starts off by covering a variety of topics, from the most basic requirements of

a wxPython application, to some of the more in-depth details of the inner workings of

the framework, laying the foundation for any wxPython application. It then explains event

handling, basic and advanced user interface controls, interface design and layout, creating

dialogs, components, extending functionality, and so on. We conclude by learning how to build

and manage applications for distribution.

For each of the recipes, there is an introductory example, then more advanced examples,

along with plenty of example code that shows how to develop and manage user-friendly

applications. For more experienced developers, most recipes also include an additional

discussion of the solution, allowing you to further customize and enhance the component.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with wxPython, introduces you to the basics of creating a wxPython

application. The topics covered in this chapter will provide you with the information needed

to start building your own applications, as well as some insight into the inner workings and

structure of the framework.

Preface

Chapter 2, Responding to Events, shows how to make use of events to drive an application

and allow the user to interact with it through the user interface. This chapter starts with

an overview of what events are and how they work, and then continues on to cover how to

interact with a number of common events.

Chapter 3, Basic Building Blocks of a User Interface, discusses a number of the basic widgets

that are critical to the creation of nearly all user interfaces. You will be introduced to the usage

of widgets such as Buttons, Menus, and ToolBars in this chapter.

Chapter 4, Advanced Building Blocks of a User Interface, introduces you to some of the more

advanced widgets available in the wxPython control library. These widgets will allow you to

create tabbed interfaces and display more complex types of data in your user interface.

Chapter 5, Providing Information and Alerting Users, shows multiple techniques for keeping

the users of an application informed about what is going on and to provide them with help on

interacting with the various controls in the applications interface. This chapter will show you

how to use various tooltip controls, message boxes, and splash screens.

Chapter 6, Retrieving Information from Users, covers the use of common dialogs to retrieve

information from users in order to perform tasks such as opening les, searching text, and

even printing. As a part of the recipes for the usage of

FileDialog and FindDialogs

you will create a simple Notepad-like application.

Chapter 7, Window Layout and Design, is where you will be introduced to a number of

concepts and techniques for designing your user interfaces in wxPython. The majority of

this chapter will explain the use of Sizers to allow you to quickly implement cross-platform

user interfaces.

Chapter 8, Drawing to the Screen, gives an introduction to the basics of how a user interface

works, by showing you how to use some of the primitive tools to implement your own custom

user interface objects. This chapter will show you how to use Device Contexts to perform

custom drawing routines by creating a number of custom display controls.

Chapter 9, Design Approaches and Techniques, introduces you to a number of common

programming patterns, and explain how to apply them to wxPython applications. The information

in this chapter will provide you with an understanding of some strong approaches and

techniques to software design that will not only serve you in writing wxPython applications but

can also be generally applied to other frameworks as well, to expand your programming toolbox.

Chapter 10, Creating Components and Extending Functionality, shows you how to extend

the functionality of existing user interface components, as well as how to create your own

controls. The recipes in this chapter combine much of the information presented in Chapters

2, 7, 8, and 9 together to create new controls and to enhance the capabilities of some of the

more basic ones provided by wxPython.

Preface

Chapter 11, Using Threads and Timers to Create Responsive Interfaces, dives into the

world of concurrent programming. This chapter shows you how to create multi-threaded

applications, and covers the special care that is needed when interacting with the user

interface from worker threads in order to create stable and responsive interfaces.

Chapter 12, Building and Managing Applications for Distribution, concludes the tour of

the wxPython framework by introducing you to some useful recipes for bolstering the

infrastructure of any application that will be distributed to end users. This includes how to

store conguration information, exception handling, internationalization, and how to create

and distribute stand-alone binaries of your application.

What you need for this book

All that you will need to get started with wxPython is a good text editor for editing Python

source code. There are a number of choices available, but I will provide a shameless plug

for my own application, Editra, here since it is included in the wxPython Docs and Demo

package, as well as at http://editra.org. It is written in wxPython and provides good

syntax highlighting and auto-completion support for Python that will help you in learning the

wxPython API.

This book is primarily written for Python 2.5/2.6 and wxPython 2.8, although the content of

the book also directly applies to later versions of wxPython as well. The suggested software

to install is as follows:

1. Latest version of Python 2.6 (http://www.python.org/download/

releases/2.6/

2. Latest version of wxPython 2.8 (http://www.wxpython.org/download.php).

Who this book is for

This book is written for Python programmers wanting to develop GUI applications. A basic

knowledge of Python and object oriented programming concepts is required.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of

information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: "The App object also maintains the MainLoop, which

is used to drive a wxPython application".

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