Unity入门指南：构建3D游戏与互动环境

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"Unity Game Development Essentials 是一本专为初学者准备的Unity游戏引擎和3D游戏设计指南。书中通过一系列简单易懂的示例，逐步教你制作一款第一人称视角的3D游戏，游戏设置在一个互动的岛屿环境中。读者将学习到游戏和3D制作的基本概念，探索如何利用Unity让游戏角色与游戏世界互动，并构建谜题供玩家解决以完成游戏。" 在本书中，你将学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **Unity基础知识**：Unity是一款跨平台的游戏开发引擎，支持2D和3D游戏开发。本书会介绍Unity界面、工作流程、项目设置以及基本操作，帮助初学者快速上手。 2. **3D建模与场景创建**：了解如何使用Unity内置的工具或导入外部3D模型来构建游戏环境，包括地形编辑、物体放置、光照设置等，以创造真实感的3D场景。 3. **角色控制器**：学习创建角色控制器，使玩家能够控制角色移动、跳跃、旋转等基本动作，这是游戏交互性的基础。 4. **碰撞检测与物理系统**：掌握Unity的物理引擎，包括碰撞检测和刚体动力学，让游戏对象能够根据物理规则动态反应。 5. **脚本编程**：使用Unity内置的C#语言编写游戏逻辑，包括游戏事件处理、角色行为控制、谜题逻辑等。理解基本的C#语法和Unity API。 6. **动画系统**：学习Unity的动画系统，如混合树（Animation Trees）、状态机（Animator Controllers），用于创建角色动作和交互效果。 7. **音频管理**：了解如何集成声音效果和背景音乐，增强游戏沉浸感，包括音效播放、音量控制等。 8. **粒子系统**：利用Unity的粒子系统创建各种动态效果，如火焰、烟雾、水波等，提升游戏视觉体验。 9. **交互性设计**：设计游戏中的谜题和挑战，通过脚本实现逻辑，让玩家在游戏中解决问题，增加游戏的趣味性和挑战性。 10. **游戏发布与优化**：学习如何将游戏打包发布到不同的平台（如PC、手机、Web），以及性能优化技巧，确保游戏在各种设备上流畅运行。 11. **版本控制与团队协作**：理解版本控制系统（如Git）的重要性，以及如何在团队中进行有效的代码管理和协同开发。这本书不仅涵盖了Unity的基础知识，还强调了实际项目的构建过程，通过实践来巩固理论学习，非常适合希望踏入游戏开发领域的初学者。作者Will Goldstone的讲解深入浅出，使得复杂的概念易于理解。同时，注意书中提到的信息可能会随Unity版本更新而变化，建议结合最新的Unity文档和社区资源进行学习。

Preface

Unity is a 3D game authoring tool for Mac and PC. Game engines are the nuts and

bolts that sit behind the scenes of every video game. From the artwork right down to

the mathematics that decide every frame on screen, the "engine" makes the decisions.

Starting out with rendering—the method of displaying graphics on screen, and

integrating a control method and a set of rules for the game to follow—the engine is

what a developer builds to "house" the game. Modern 3D game engines are a deluge of

meticulously written code, and as such, once used for their intended purpose (which

is the production of a game they are made for), these engines are often sold, modied,

and reused. An obvious example of this is the Epic Games Unreal Engine. Originally

developed in the late 90s for Unreal—a PC First Person Shooter—the engine has gone

on to see massive success in its more recent incarnations, being licensed by other

developers for literally hundreds of commercial games and simulations.

Due to the level of complexity and cost of such commercial game engines, the

game development industry is a difcult area of interest for potential fresh talent

to break into, without studying programming languages such as C++ extensively.

Modern console and computer games are built around C++ as it is currently the most

efcient language in terms of computational speed, and as such, the structure and

commands of commercial games engines require thousands upon thousands of such

lines of code to function. This code is delivered in Unity with the help of just-in-time

compilation (known as JIT), using the open source C++ library Mono. By using JIT

compilation, engines such as Unity can take advantage of high-speed compilation,

whereby the code you will write for Unity is compiled to Mono just before it is

executed. This is crucial for games that must execute code at specic moments

during runtime. In addition to the Mono library, Unity also takes advantage of

other software libraries in its functionality, such as Nvidia's PhysX physics engine,

OpenGL, and DirectX for 3D rendering and OpenAL for audio. All these libraries are

built into the application, so you will not need to worry about learning how to use

them individually. So, simply sit back and enjoy them working for you seamlessly

within Unity.

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 2 ]

The developers of engines also build tools with which to command the functional

coding they have created. For example, the creation of an outdoor terrain is held in

a set of instructions which dene its shape (or topography), visual appearance, and

even how it responds to deformation in game. But this set of instructions would be

inefcient as a part of the game engine were it not attached to a visual tool to control

the aforementioned properties. This is where a Graphical User Interface (GUI) comes

in. Game engine developers will often build an interface of tools to aid their team in

manipulating parts of the engine in order to save time in the development process

and make the engine accessible to potential buyers, post production. This is also

true of Unity, as it has a very strong community of users that share their tools in the

form of plugins for the package. Visit the Unify community wiki at http://www.

unifycommunity.com/wiki

for more information.

For many new potential developers, the steep learning curve required to pick up

programming languages such as C++, or the engines that utilize it, is simply too

great a task to attempt. Without completing degree-level studies in programming

or computer animation, it is difcult for many enthusiasts to get started in learning

the concepts, methods, and design principles involved in game production. Unity

Technologies is one such company that has set out to rectify this. Starting with

their own game engine in 2001, the Danish-based game development company

endeavoured to strip down their complex game development tools and make a

simple, user-driven package that anyone could pick up and begin experimenting

with. The team resolved to keep the source code that drives the engine behind the

scenes, instead providing a complete GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allows the

user to control the powerful engine source code without ever having to create parts

of it themselves. This factor has made Unity highly popular with new developers,

and is likely one of the key reasons you're reading this book. By establishing logical

concepts and categorizing common methods involved in game production, Unity

puts the power of its engine into the user's hands, allowing maximum results with

minimal effort, thereby encouraging experimentation with the most crucial factor of

all—gameplay.

Having appealed to many games developers, Unity has lled a gap in the games

development market that few others can fully claim to cater to. Having the ability

to produce professional standard games, publish 3D to both Mac and PC, as well

as having its own Web Player, Unity is one of the fastest growing game engines in

its sector. The engine also has its own Nintendo Wii and Apple iPhone developing

versions, meaning that once you have mastered the basics, a pipeline to not only

home computer, but also to console and mobile development lies ahead of you.

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 3 ]

The fast pace of the entertainment and marketing industries requires a quick

turnaround of gaming media. Also, many companies are now looking to packages

such as Unity to enable their creatives to produce better products with the greatest

of ease. With 2009 seeing the release of Unity version 2.5, and its rst steps onto PC

format, its usage looks set to skyrocket. But what is Unity? How does it work? What

can it do? And most importantly, how can it get you get started on the path to 3D

game development in just a few weeks?

What this book covers

This book is designed to cover a set of easy-to-follow examples, which culminate

in the production of a First-Person-viewed 3D game, complete with an interactive

island environment. By introducing common concepts of game and 3D production,

we'll explore the use of Unity to make a player character interact with the game

world, and build puzzles for the player to solve in order to complete the game.

Here's a quick chapter-by-chapter overview of what will be covered:

Chapter 1—Welcome to the Third Dimension

This chapter covers the key concepts we'll need to understand and complete the

exercise in this book. It takes a brief look at 3D concepts and the processes used

by Unity to create games.

Chapter 2—Environments

Our game world is but an empty void! We'll kick off with this chapter by taking a

look at the various ways to incorporate terrains, externally produced 3D models,

and other Unity engine features such as sound and lighting to get your game

environment up and running.

Chapter 3—Player Characters

Every game needs a hero, right? In this chapter, we'll be taking a look at every

element that goes into making the rst-person player character from input controls

to cameras and colliders. Once you've learnt what goes into making him, you'll

introduce the player character to your island and take a stroll around.

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 4 ]

Chapter 4—Interactions

Games are all about interacting with a virtual world, so where would our character

be without some in-game actions? In this chapter, I'll introduce you to collision

detection and ray casting. We'll look at how we can combine these techniques with

scripting and animation to transform our static building into one that responds to

our player.

Chapter 5—Prefabs, Collection, and HUD

Giving your player a sense of achievement in your game is essential. To help with

this, you'll need to remind them of actions they've taken so far in the game, and

give them something to aim for. In this fth chapter, we will construct what is often

referred to as a Heads Up Display (HUD) with text and graphical displays that

change dynamically as the user plays.

Having created a simple HUD, you'll create a short object-collection game, which

will allow the player character to pick up batteries in order to gain access to the

building on the island.

Chapter 6—Instantiation and Rigidbodies

Almost every game scenario that you can imagine will involve creating or

"spawning" objects in your environment. Known in programming terms as

Instantiation, the creation of objects during the game's runtime is a crucial concept

for every beginner developer to get to grips with.

Having created our collection game and building interaction in previous chapters,

we'll be building upon the interactivity in our game by creating a basic target game,

which will involve throwing objects at targets to unlock a part of our environment.

This will not only teach you about instantiation, but also the crucial concept of using

rigid body physics objects in your games.

Chapter 7— Particle Systems

What's a 3D game these days without some fancy graphic effects to wow the player?

In this chapter, you'll be creating a log re to keep our player warm—using two

particle systems, one for ames and the other for smoke.

Using a Particle System, we'll look at how we can mimic the behavior of re and

utilize images for each particle to add realism; we'll nish by disabling the re,

giving the player something to aim for—getting it lit to keep warm!

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

Preface

[ 5 ]

Chapter 8—Menu Design

Creating a professional, easy-to-navigate menu is a crucial part of making an

enjoyable game product. What user is going to want to play your game if he or

she can't even nd the Start button? In this chapter, we look at the various ways

of creating menus and other user interfaces for the player to interact with.

You will create menus using both GUI textures and the GUI class in order to

create scalable interfaces that can be deployed on the desktop or the Web.

Chapter 9—Finishing Touches

In game production, especially in Unity, you will reach a point at which you have

just created some piece of interaction in your game that you're so pleased with, you

want to add that extra polish to make it really stand out to the player.

In this chapter we'll take a look at further uses of sound, lighting effects, trail

rendering, and other dynamic effects that are easy to implement, and make the

difference between a simple working game and a polished nal product.

Chapter 10—Building and sharing

In this chapter, we will look at how we can export your game for the Web and as a

standalone project. We'll look at various different settings you will need to consider

when you are preparing your nished product for your audience, such as graphical

quality, control input, and more.

Chapter 11—Testing and further study

In this chapter, we will discuss the ways in which you should move on from this

book, and how you can gather information from test users to improve your game.

This will help you prepare your project to be tested by a wider audience to get

feedback and make even better games!

What you need for this book

• An installed copy of the Unity software—a trial version is available from

Unity3D.com

• Internet connection in order to download supplied 3D models and other

assets, available from PacktPub.com

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by Vadim Kudria on 4th October 2009

6352 108th St, , Forest Hills, , 11375

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Unity入门指南：构建3D游戏与互动环境

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