掌握Linux vi/vim编辑器：从入门到大师提升效率指南

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"《学习vi和Vim编辑器第7版》是一本经典的Linux环境下的编程工具指南，旨在帮助读者从入门级别提升至专业大师水平。Vi（可视版）和Vim（可扩展、交互式模式的vi）是Unix/Linux系统中不可或缺的文本编辑器，它们以其强大的功能和高效的工作效率深受程序员喜爱。本书详细介绍了vi的基本操作，如移动光标、删除、复制、粘贴以及模式切换等，同时还深入讲解了Vim的高级特性，如命令行模式、插入模式、视觉模式和宏录制等功能。通过学习，读者可以熟练掌握如何在编辑器中执行复杂的文本处理任务，提高代码编写和维护的效率。除了理论知识，书中还提供了丰富的实践案例和实际操作练习，帮助读者巩固所学。此外，作者还推荐了一些相关的资源，例如O'Reilly出版社的其他书籍，如《vi Editor Pocket Reference》、《Unix in a Nutshell》、《Classic Shell Scripting》、《The Productive Programmer》、《Unix Power Tools》和《MacOSX for Unix Geeks》等，这些书籍覆盖了更广泛的Unix/Linux系统知识和实用技巧。 O'Reilly官网oreilly.com不仅是书籍的完整目录，还包含新闻、活动、文章、博客、样章和代码示例，为开发者提供了全面的技术资讯和支持。对于关注开源和新兴技术的开发者来说，oreillynet.com是一个至关重要的资源平台。此外，O'Reilly Media举办的各类会议，如Conferences.oreilly.com上，汇集了业界创新者的思想碰撞，为技术革新提供灵感。在线参考库Safari Bookshelf（safari.oreilly.com）则是一个超过1000本书籍的数据库，订阅者可以获取即时、详尽的技术资料。《学习vi和Vim编辑器第7版》是一本实用且全面的教程，不仅适合初次接触vi和Vim的用户，也适合希望进一步提升编辑技能的专业人士，是任何Linux环境中提升生产力的必备读物。"

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Preface

Text editing is one of the most common tasks on any computer system, and vi is one

of the most useful standard text editors on a system. With vi you can create new files

or edit any existing text-only file.

vi, like many of the classic utilities developed during the early years of Unix, has a

reputation for being hard to navigate. Bram Moolenaar’s enhanced clone, Vim (“vi

Improved”), has gone a long way toward removing reasons for such impressions. Vim

includes countless conveniences, visual guides, and help screens. It has become prob-

ably the most popular version of vi, so this seventh edition of this book devotes seven

new chapters to it in Part II, Vim. However, many other worthy clones of vi also exist;

we cover three of them in Part III, Other vi Clones.

Scope of This Book

This book consists of 18 chapters and 4 appendixes, divided into 4 parts. Part I, Basic

and Advanced vi, is designed to get you started using vi quickly, and to follow up with

advanced skills that will let you use it effectively.

The first two chapters, Chapter 1, The vi Text Editor, and Chapter 2, Simple Editing,

present some simple vi commands with which you can get started. You should practice

these until they are second nature. You could stop reading at the end of Chapter 2,

having learned some elementary editing tools.

But vi is meant to do a lot more than rudimentary word processing; the variety of

commands and options enables you to shortcut a lot of editing drudgery. Chapter 3,

Moving Around in a Hurry, and Chapter 4, Beyond the Basics, concentrate on easier

ways to do tasks. During your first reading, you’ll get at least an idea of what vi can do

and what commands you might harness for your specific needs. Later, you can come

back to these chapters for further study.

Chapter 5, Introducing the ex Editor, Chapter 6, Global Replacement, and Chapter 7,

Advanced Editing, provide tools that help you shift more of the editing burden to the

computer. They introduce you to the ex line editor underlying vi, and they show you

how to issue ex commands from within vi.

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Chapter 8, Introduction to the vi Clones, provides an introduction to the extensions

available in the four vi clones covered in this book. It centralizes in one place the

descriptions of multiwindow editing, GUI interfaces, extended regular expressions,

facilities that make editing easier, and several other features, providing a roadmap to

what follows in the rest of this book. It also provides a pointer to source code for the

original vi, which can be compiled easily on modern Unix systems (including GNU/

Linux).

Part II, Vim, describes Vim, the most popular vi clone in the early part of the 21st

century.

Chapter 9, Vim (vi Improved): An Introduction, provides a general introduction to Vim,

including where to get binary versions for popular operating systems and some of the

different ways to use Vim.

Chapter 10, Major Vim Improvements over vi, describes the major improvements in

Vim over vi, such as built-in help, control over initialization, additional motion com-

mands, and extended regular expressions.

Chapter 11, Multiple Windows in Vim, focuses on multiwindow editing, which is per-

haps the most significant additional feature over standard vi. This chapter provides all

the details on creating and using multiple windows.

Chapter 12, Vim Scripts, looks into the Vim command language, which lets you write

scripts to customize and tailor Vim to suit your needs. Much of Vim’s ease of use “out

of the box” comes from the large number of scripts that other users have already written

and contributed to the Vim distribution.

Chapter 13, Graphical Vim (gvim), looks at Vim in modern GUI environments, such

as those that are now standard on commercial Unix systems, GNU/Linux and other

Unix work-alikes, and MS Windows.

Chapter 14, Vim Enhancements for Programmers, focuses on Vim’s use as a program-

mer’s editor, above and beyond its facilities for general text editing. Of particular value

are the folding and outlining facilities, smart indenting, syntax highlighting, and edit-

compile-debug cycle speedups.

Chapter 15, Other Cool Stuff in Vim, is a bit of a catch-all chapter, covering a number

of interesting points that don’t fit into the earlier chapters.

Part III, Other vi Clones, describes three other popular vi clones: nvi, elvis, and vile.

Chapter 16, nvi: New vi, Chapter 17, Elvis, and Chapter 18, vile: vi Like Emacs, cover

the various vi clones—nvi, elvis, and vile—showing you how to use their extensions

to vi and discussing the features that are specific to each one.

Part IV, Appendixes, provides useful reference material.

xiv | Preface

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Appendix A, The vi, ex, and Vim Editors, lists all vi and ex commands, sorted by func-

tion. It also provides an alphabetical list of ex commands. Selected vi and ex commands

from Vim are also included.

Appendix B, Setting Options, lists set command options for vi and for all four clones.

Appendix C, Problem Checklists, consolidates checklists found earlier in the book.

Appendix D, vi and the Internet, describes vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet

culture.

How the Material Is Presented

Our philosophy is to give you a good overview of what we feel are vi survival materials

for the new user. Learning a new editor, especially an editor with all the options of

vi, can seem like an overwhelming task. We have made an effort to present basic con-

cepts and commands in an easy-to-read and logical manner.

After providing the basics for vi, which are usable everywhere, we move on to cover

Vim in depth. We then round out our coverage of the vi landscape by looking at nvi,

elvis, and vile. The following sections describe the conventions used in this book.

Discussion of vi Commands

A picture of a keyboard button, like the one on the left, marks the main discussion

of that particular keyboard command or of related commands. You will find a

brief introduction to the main concept before it is broken down into task-oriented

sections. We then present the appropriate command to use in each case, along with a

description of the command and the proper syntax for using it.

Conventions

In syntax descriptions and examples, what you would actually type is shown in the

Courier font, as are all command names. Filenames are also shown in Courier, as are

program options. Variables (which you would not type literally, but would replace with

an actual value when you type the command) are shown in Courier italic. Brackets

indicate that a variable is optional. For example, in the syntax line:

vi [filename]

filename would be replaced by an actual filename. The brackets indicate that the vi

command can be invoked without specifying a filename at all. The brackets themselves

are not typed.

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Certain examples show the effect of commands typed at the Unix shell prompt. In such

examples, what you actually type is shown in Courier Bold, to distinguish it from the

system response. For example:

$ ls

ch01.xml ch02.xml ch03.xml ch04.xml

In code examples, italic indicates a comment that is not to be typed. Otherwise, italic

introduces special terms and emphasizes anything that needs emphasis.

Following traditional Unix documentation convention, references of the form

printf(3) refer to the online manual (accessed via the man command). This example refers

to the entry for the printf( ) function in section 3 of the manual (you would type man

3 printf on most systems to see it).

Keystrokes

Special keystrokes are shown in a box. For example:

iWith a ESC

Throughout the book, you will also find columns of vi commands and their results:

Keystrokes Results

"practice" [New file] 6 lines, 320 characters

Give the write and save command, ZZ. Your file is saved as a regular Unix file.

In the preceding example, the command ZZ is shown in the left column. In the window

to the right is a line (or several lines) of the screen that show the result of the command.

Cursor position is shown in reverse video. In this instance, since ZZ saves and writes

the file, you see the status line shown when a file is written; the cursor position is not

shown. Below the window is an explanation of the command and its result.

Sometimes vi commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and another key si-

multaneously. In the text, this combination keystroke is usually written within a box

(for example, CTRL-G). In code examples, it is written by preceding the name of the

key with a caret (^). For example, ^G means to hold down CTRL while pressing the

G key.

Problem Checklist

A problem checklist is included in those sections where you may run into some trouble.

You can skim these checklists and go back to them when you actually encounter a

problem. All of the problem checklists are also collected in Appendix C, for ease of

reference.

xvi | Preface

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