ANSI/TIA 942-A：数据中心电信基础设施标准

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ANSI/TIA 942-A 是一个由电信行业协会(TIA)制定的数据中心电信基础设施的标准，旨在规定单租户企业数据中心和多租户互联网托管数据中心的最低要求。这个标准适用于各种规模的数据中心。 ANSI/TIA 942-A 标准详细涵盖了数据center的通信基础设施，其主要目的是消除制造商和购买者之间的误解，促进产品互换性和改进，帮助购买者快速准确地选择和获取适合他们特定需求的产品。该标准的存在并不限制TIA成员或非成员制造或销售不符合这些标准的产品，同时也不排除非TIA成员自愿在国内或国际上使用这些标准。此标准的修订版TIA-942-A是在2012年8月批准的，它强调了数据中心基础设施的多个关键方面，包括但不限于： 1. 布线系统：标准定义了不同的布线等级（如Tier 1至Tier 4），以确保不同层次的数据中心能提供不同的冗余和性能水平。例如，Tier 1数据中心通常满足基本的不间断运行需求，而Tier 4则提供最高级别的冗余和容错能力。 2. 电源和冷却系统：标准规定了电源分配、不间断电源(UPS)、发电机以及冷却设备的要求，确保数据中心能够有效散热并保持稳定运行。 3. 网络拓扑：文档详细描述了适合数据中心的网络架构，包括核心、分布和接入层的设计，以支持高带宽、低延迟的通信。 4. 安全与消防：标准包含物理安全措施，如访问控制、监控系统，以及符合消防安全规定的自动灭火系统。 5. 灾备与恢复策略：对于多租户数据中心，标准可能涵盖灾难恢复计划和业务连续性管理，以保护租户的数据和服务不因自然灾害或其他突发事件而中断。 6. 环境监测：要求数据中心应具备环境监测系统，以实时监控温度、湿度、空气质量等关键指标，确保设备的正常运行。 7. 维护和扩展性：标准鼓励设计时考虑到未来的技术发展和容量扩展，确保数据中心能够适应技术进步和业务增长。通过遵循ANSI/TIA 942-A标准，数据中心能够提高效率、可靠性，并降低运营风险。同时，由于这个标准是按照美国国家标准学会(ANSI)的专利政策制定的，它并不承担任何对专利所有者的责任，但其使用者需注意潜在的知识产权问题。

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• ASHRAE 2011 Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments – Expanded Data

Center Classes and Usage Guidance, 2011

In Canada, the National Building Code, the National Fire Code, Canadian Electrical Code (CSA

CEC C22.1), and other documents including CAN/ULC S524, CAN/ULC S531 may be used for

cross-reference to NFPA 72, NFPA 70 section 725-8 and section 725-54.

Useful supplements to this Standard are the BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods

Manual, the Outside Plant Design Reference Manual, and the Information Transport Systems

Installation Methods Manual. These manuals provide recommended practices and methods by

which many of the requirements of this Standard may be implemented.

Other references are listed in annex H.

Annexes

Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are informative and not considered to be requirements of this

Standard.

Purpose of this Standard

The purpose of this Standard is to provide requirements and guidelines for the design and

installation of a data center or computer room. It is intended for use by designers who need a

comprehensive understanding of the data center design, including the facility planning, the

cabling system, and the network design. The standard will enable the data center design to be

considered early in the building development process, contributing to the architectural

considerations, by providing information that cuts across the multidisciplinary design efforts,

promoting cooperation in the design and construction phases. Adequate planning during building

construction or renovation is significantly less expensive and less disruptive than after the facility

is operational. Data centers in particular can benefit from infrastructure that is planned in advance

to support growth and changes in the computer systems that the data centers are designed to

support.

This document presents an infrastructure topology for accessing and connecting the respective

elements in the various cabling system configurations currently found in the data center

environment. In order to determine the performance requirements of a generic cabling system,

various telecommunications services and applications were considered. In addition, this

document addresses the floor layout related to achieving the proper balance between security,

rack density, and manageability.

The standard specifies a generic telecommunications cabling system for the data center and

related facilities whose primary function is information technology. Such application spaces may

be dedicated to a private company or institution, or occupied by one or more service providers to

host Internet connections and data storage devices.

Data centers support a wide range of transmission protocols. Some of these transmission

protocols impose length restrictions that are shorter than those imposed by this Standard.

Consult: standards, regulations, equipment vendors, and system service suppliers for:

applicability, limitations, and ancillary requirements when applying specific transmission

protocols. Consider consolidating standardized and proprietary cabling into a single structured

cabling system.

Data centers can be categorized according to whether they serve the private domain (“enterprise”

data centers) or the public domain (internet data centers, co-location data centers, and other

service provider data centers). Enterprise facilities include private corporations, institutions or

government agencies, and may involve the establishment of either intranets or extranets. Internet

facilities include traditional telephone service providers, unregulated competitive service providers

and related commercial operators. The topologies specified in this document, however, are

intended to be applicable to both in satisfying their respective requirements for connectivity

(internet access and wide-area communications), operational hosting (web hosting, file storage

and backup, database management, etc.), and additional services (application hosting, content

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ANSI/TIA-942-A

distribution, etc.). Failsafe power, environmental controls and fire suppression, and system

redundancy and security are also common requirements to facilities that serve both the private

and public domain.

Stewardship

Telecommunications infrastructure affects raw material consumption. The infrastructure design

and installation methods also influence product life and sustainability of electronic equipment life

cycling. These aspects of telecommunications infrastructure impact our environment. Since

building life cycles are typically planned for decades, technological electronic equipment

upgrades are necessary. The telecommunications infrastructure design and installation process

magnifies the need for sustainable infrastructures with respect to building life, electronic

equipment life cycling and considerations of effects on environmental waste. Telecommunications

designers are encouraged to research local building practices for a sustainable environment and

conservation of fossil fuels as part of the design process.

Specification of criteria

Two categories of criteria are specified: mandatory and advisory. The mandatory requirements

are designated by the word “shall”; advisory requirements are designated by the words “should”,

“may”, or “desirable”, which are used interchangeably in this Standard.

Mandatory criteria generally apply to protection, performance, administration and compatibility;

they specify the absolute minimum acceptable requirements. Advisory or desirable criteria are

presented when their attainment will enhance the general performance of the cabling system in

all its contemplated applications. A note in the text, table, or figure is used for emphasis or for

offering informative suggestions.

Metric equivalents of US customary units

The dimensions in this Standard are metric or US customary with soft conversion to the other.

Life of this Standard

This Standard is a living document. The criteria contained in this Standard are subject to revisions

and updating as warranted by advances in building construction techniques and

telecommunications technology.

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ANSI/TIA-942-A

1 SCOPE

This Standard specifies the minimum requirements for telecommunications infrastructure of data

centers and computer rooms, including single tenant enterprise data centers and multi-tenant

Internet hosting data centers. The topology specified in this document is intended to be applicable

to any size data center.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following standard contains provisions that, through references in this text, constitute

provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All

standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are

encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards

published by them.

a) ANSI/TIA-568-C.0, Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises

b) ANSI/TIA-568-C.1, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

c) ANSI/TIA-568-C.2, Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and Components

Standard

d) ANSI/TIA-568-C.3, Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard

e) ANSI/TIA-569-C, Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces

f) ANSI/TIA-604.5-D, FOCIS 5 – Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard, Type MPO

g) ANSI/TIA/EIA-604-10-A, FOCIS 10 – Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard, Type

h) ANSI/TIA-606-B, Administration Standard for Telecommunications Infrastructure

i) ANSI/TIA-607-B, Telecommunications Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) for Customer

Premises

j) ANSI/TIA-758-B, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Infrastructure

Standard

k) ANSI/NFPA 70-2011, National Electrical Code®

l) ANSI/NFPA 75-2009, Standard for the Protection of Information Technology Equipment®

m) ANSI/ATIS-0600404.2002(R2006), Network and Customer Installation Interfaces – DS3 and

Metallic Interface Specification

n) ASHRAE, Guidelines for Data Processing Environments, Second Edition, 2009

o) ASHRAE 2011 Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments – Expanded Data

Center Classes and Usage Guidance, 2011

p) OSHA CFR 1926.441, Battery Rooms and Battery Charging

q) Telcordia GR-63-CORE, NEBS(TM) Requirements: Physical Protection

r) Telcordia GR-139-CORE, Generic Requirements for Central Office Coaxial Cable

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3 DEFINITION OF TERMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS,

AND UNITS OF MEASURE

3.1 General

The generic definitions in this clause have been formulated for use by the entire family of

telecommunications infrastructure standards. Specific requirements are found in the normative

clauses of this Standard.

3.2 Definition of terms

For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply.

access floor: A system consisting of completely removable and interchangeable floor panels that

are supported on adjustable pedestals or stringers (or both) to allow access to the area beneath.

access provider: The operator of any facility that is used to convey telecommunications signals

to and from a customer premises.

administration: The method for labeling, identification, documentation and usage needed to

implement moves, additions and changes of the telecommunications infrastructure.

backbone: A facility (e.g., pathway, cable or bonding conductor) for cabling Subsystem 2 and

Cabling Subsystem 3.

backbone cable: See backbone.

bonding: The joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path.

cabinet: A container that may enclose connection devices, terminations, apparatus, wiring, and

equipment.

cable: An assembly of one or more insulated conductors or optical fibers, within an enveloping

sheath.

cabling: A combination of all cables, jumpers, cords, and connecting hardware.

Cabling Subsystem 1: Cabling from the equipment outlet to Distributor A, Distributor B, or

Distributor C.

Cabling Subsystem 2: Cabling between Distributor A and either Distributor B or Distributor C (if

Distributor B is not implemented).

Cabling Subsystem 3: Cabling between Distributor B and Distributor C.

centralized cabling: A cabling configuration from an equipment outlet to a centralized

cross-connect using a continuous cable, an interconnection, or a splice.

channel: The end-to-end transmission path between two points at which application-specific

equipment is connected.

common equipment room (telecommunications): An enclosed space used for equipment and

backbone interconnections for more than one tenant in a building or campus.

computer room: An architectural space whose primary function is to accommodate data

processing equipment.

conduit: (1) A raceway of circular cross-section. (2) A structure containing one or more ducts.

NOTE: For the purposes of this Standard the term conduit includes electrical metallic

tubing (EMT) or electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT).

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