Abstract—In or
der to meet the demand of security
mechanism for the multi-layered satellite networks routing
protocols, we introduce an ID-based sign scheme, and design a
secure routing protocol for multi-layered satellite networks. The
protocol is proposed based on the clustering-based multi-lay-
ered satellite networks architecture, and the combination of
trust mechanism and authentication mechanism. The analysis
shows that the protocol can resist several common attacks, and
improve the routing security of the satellite networks.
I. I
NTRODUCT
ION
IT
H th
e rap
i
d development of satellite networks,
satellite networking technology attracts more and more
attentions, and the corresponding security problems
become increasingly prominent. Satellite network routing
problems are technical ones need to be solved, among which
routing security is of top priority. Secure routing protocols for
satellite networks have become a research hotspot. Like
traditional networks, routing security of satellite networks
must ensure the confidentiality, integrity, availability and
non-repudiation. However, the satellite network is an open
network system, with its own characteristics such as dynamic
topologies, a large coverage area and resource-constrained.
These features make the satellite networks confront a great
security threat, and also make the secure routing protocols for
traditional terrestrial networks not suitable for satellite
networks. Currently, researches in the secure routing for
multi-layered satellite networks are not yet perfect for the
lack of consideration for security mechanism.
There are some routing algorithms for multi-layered
satellite networks, which are designed mainly for the systems
consisting of LEO and MEO two-layer satellites, by using the
master-slave mode, and taking MEO as the backbone, LEO as
the access satellites.
J. Lee and S. Kang proposed a new multi-layered and
hierarchical satellite networks architecture called SoS
(Satellite over Satellite) [1], and designed a corresponding
routing protocol for hierarchical satellite networks called
HSRP (Hierarchical Satellite Routing Protocol). HSRP is a
routing protocol with characteristics including hierarchical,
dynamic and QoS adaptive. The main idea is that high-level
satellites collect the routing information of low-level satelli-
tes, and provide routing computing support for low-level
Zhefu Yu, Haigang Zhou and Zhaofeng Wu are all with the Institute of
Commu
nications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology,
Nanjing, China (e-mail: yzf.edu @gmail.com; zhouhg @yahoo.com; wzf20
0594 @gmail.com).
satellites. Low
-level satellites select the optimal path accor-
ding to the node hop constrained and QoS indicators. How-
ever, the algorithm is a connection-oriented routing mecha-
nism. In connection-oriented mechanism, the dynamic netw-
ork topology changes require frequent switch processing,
which will cause the lower network stability. Ian F. Akyildiz
et.al proposed an IP-based routing algorithm for multi-
layered satellite networks called MLSR (Multi-Layered
Satellite Routing) [2]. The algorithm is suitable for
three-layered satellite networks consisting of GEO / MEO /
LEO. Low-level satellites are divided into groups according
to the coverage area of high-level satellites. High-level
satellites collect hierarchical network topology information
and calculate the routing table for low-level satellites
periodically. However, the algorithm is not suitable when
unexpected situation appears in the network. Based on
MLSR, C. Chen and E. Ekici proposed a routing protocol
called SGRP (Satellite Grouping and Routing Protocol) [3],
which is suitable for the two-layered satellite networks
consisting of LEO and MEO. The protocol has a mechanism
to reduce the influence produced by satellite failure and link
congestion, and it also enhances the ability of routing
re-calculation to avoid network congestion. According to the
physical properties of the two-layered satellite networks
consisting of GEO and LEO,A. Durresi et al. proposed a
hierarchical routing algorithm based on the coverage area of
GEO satellites [4]. In this algorithm, the cycle of the satellite
is divided into several time periods, and then the static
connection matrix of each time period is calculated and
pre-stored in the GEO satellites. All the LEO satellites in the
coverage area of the GEO satellites report their own link state
information regularly. With the static connection matrix and
link state information, GEO satellites determine the route
among the LEO satellites locating in their own coverage area.
The algorithm reduces the communi- cation overhead, while
increases the complexity of the connections in the
constellation systems.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section II
introduces the multi-layered satellite networks. Section III
describes the details of the secure routing protocol. The
algorithm analysis is presented in Section IV. Finally,
Section V concludes the paper.
II.
M
ULTI
-
LAYERE
D
S
ATELL
ITE
N
ETWORKS
Multi-l
ayered satellite networks deploy satellites in
two-layered or multi-layered orbital plane in the same time,
which is a kind of tridimensional and intersecting satellite
networks and is established by the ISLs between layers. Fig.1
shows a cluster-based architecture for multi-layered satellite
A Tr
ust-Based Secure Routing Protocol for Multi-layered Satellite
Networks
Zhefu Yu, Haigang
Zhou, and Zhaofeng Wu
W
This paper is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu
Province, China (No. BK 2008090).
313
2012 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology
Wuhan, Hubei, China; March 23-25, 2012
978-1-4577-0345-4/12/$26.00 ©2012 IEEE