Arm嵌入式编译器6.21参考指南

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Arm Compiler for Embedded Version 6.21 是一款针对嵌入式系统的专业编译器，由Arm Limited或其关联公司于2019年至2023年期间发布。这本参考指南是非机密文档，包含了该编译器的详细信息、版本历史、功能特性以及版权声明。从2019年的6.13版开始，每更新一个版本，文档也会相应更新，包括日期、更改的保密级别和与新版本相关的文档更新。该版本的6.21编译器提供了对Arm架构的支持，适用于各种嵌入式应用，可能包括物联网设备、移动设备、汽车电子系统等。它可能包含优化的代码生成选项，如对特定处理器架构的定制优化、内存管理、性能分析工具，以及针对实时性和低功耗设计的特性。在6.21版中，用户可以期待最新的编译技术，例如高级编译器指令集（如ARMv8-A或RISC-V），以及对C/C++、汇编语言和System C语言的全面支持。它可能还涵盖了多线程编程、异常处理、内存模型规范，以及对安全特性的强化，如数据加密和访问控制。此外，由于文档更新频繁，6.21版本的参考指南可能包含了对先前版本问题的修复、新功能介绍、最佳实践指导和性能提升策略。对于开发者来说，这本指南是学习如何有效利用Arm Compiler for Embedded进行高效、安全和优化嵌入式开发的关键资源。学习和使用Arm Compiler for Embedded 6.21时，开发者应关注以下几个部分： 1. **安装和配置**：了解如何正确安装、配置编译器环境，以适应目标硬件平台。 2. **目标平台支持**：确认编译器是否兼容特定的微控制器系列或SoC，以及对应的架构版本。 3. **代码优化**：学习如何调整编译选项以获得更好的性能、大小优化或能耗控制。 4. **错误诊断与调试**：理解如何解析编译器报错，以快速定位并修复代码问题。 5. **工具链集成**：掌握如何将编译器与构建系统、IDE或其他工具集成，提高开发效率。 Arm Compiler for Embedded 6.21 Reference Guide 是一份不可或缺的参考资料，对于嵌入式开发人员来说，它是深入了解、掌握和优化Arm编译器技术的核心文档，对于提升嵌入式系统的性能和可靠性具有重要意义。

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Arm

Compiler for Embedded Reference Guide

Document ID: 101754_6.21_00_en

Version 6.21

Contents

4.1.111 --pixolib................................................................................................................................................ 471

4.1.112 --pltgot=type.......................................................................................................................................473

4.1.113 --pltgot_opts=mode...........................................................................................................................474

4.1.114 --predeﬁne="string"........................................................................................................................... 475

4.1.115 --preinit, --no_preinit.........................................................................................................................476

4.1.116 --privacy (armlink).............................................................................................................................. 477

4.1.117 --ref_cpp_init, --no_ref_cpp_init..................................................................................................... 478

4.1.118 --ref_pre_init, --no_ref_pre_init.......................................................................................................478

4.1.119 --reloc................................................................................................................................................... 478

4.1.120 --remarks..............................................................................................................................................479

4.1.121 --remove, --no_remove.....................................................................................................................480

4.1.122 --require-bti.........................................................................................................................................480

4.1.123 --ro_base=address..............................................................................................................................481

4.1.124 --ropi..................................................................................................................................................... 482

4.1.125 --rosplit.................................................................................................................................................483

4.1.126 --rw_base=address.............................................................................................................................483

4.1.127 --rwpi.................................................................................................................................................... 484

4.1.128 --scanlib, --no_scanlib.......................................................................................................................485

4.1.129 --scatter=ﬁlename..............................................................................................................................485

4.1.130 --scatterload-enabled, --no-scatterload-enabled........................................................................487

4.1.131 --section_index_display=type.......................................................................................................... 487

4.1.132 --shared................................................................................................................................................ 488

4.1.133 --show_cmdline (armlink)................................................................................................................. 489

4.1.134 --show_full_path.................................................................................................................................489

4.1.135 --show_parent_lib.............................................................................................................................. 490

4.1.136 --show_sec_idx................................................................................................................................... 490

4.1.137 --soname=name................................................................................................................................. 490

4.1.138 --sort=algorithm................................................................................................................................. 491

4.1.139 --split.....................................................................................................................................................493

4.1.140 --startup=symbol, --no_startup...................................................................................................... 494

4.1.141 --stdlib.................................................................................................................................................. 494

4.1.142 --strict................................................................................................................................................... 495

4.1.143 --strict_ﬂags, --no_strict_ﬂags.........................................................................................................496

4.1.144 --strict_ph, --no_strict_ph................................................................................................................ 496

4.1.145 --strict_preserve8_require8............................................................................................................. 497

4.1.146 --strict_relocations, --no_strict_relocations..................................................................................497

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Arm

Compiler for Embedded Reference Guide

Document ID: 101754_6.21_00_en

Version 6.21

Contents

4.1.147 --strict_symbols, --no_strict_symbols............................................................................................498

4.1.148 --strict_visibility, --no_strict_visibility.............................................................................................499

4.1.149 --summary_stderr, --no_summary_stderr..................................................................................... 499

4.1.150 --symbols, --no_symbols.................................................................................................................. 500

4.1.151 --symdefs=ﬁlename...........................................................................................................................500

4.1.152 --symver_script=ﬁlename.................................................................................................................501

4.1.153 --symver_soname...............................................................................................................................501

4.1.154 --sysv.................................................................................................................................................... 502

4.1.155 --tailreorder, --no_tailreorder.......................................................................................................... 503

4.1.156 --tiebreaker=option............................................................................................................................503

4.1.157 --unaligned_access, --no_unaligned_access.................................................................................504

4.1.158 --undeﬁned=symbol.......................................................................................................................... 505

4.1.159 --undeﬁned_and_export=symbol....................................................................................................505

4.1.160 --unresolved=symbol.........................................................................................................................506

4.1.161 --use_deﬁnition_visibility..................................................................................................................506

4.1.162 --userlibpath=pathlist........................................................................................................................507

4.1.163 --veneerinject, --no_veneerinject...................................................................................................507

4.1.164 --veneer_inject_type=type...............................................................................................................508

4.1.165 --veneer_pool_size=size................................................................................................................... 509

4.1.166 --veneershare, --no_veneershare...................................................................................................509

4.1.167 --verbose..............................................................................................................................................510

4.1.168 --version_number (armlink)..............................................................................................................510

4.1.169 --via=ﬁlename (armlink)....................................................................................................................510

4.1.170 --vsn (armlink).....................................................................................................................................511

4.1.171 --xo_base=address.............................................................................................................................511

4.1.172 --xref, --no_xref..................................................................................................................................512

4.1.173 --xrefdbg, --no_xrefdbg.................................................................................................................... 513

4.1.174 --xreﬀrom, --xrefto............................................................................................................................ 513

4.1.175 --zi_base=address.............................................................................................................................. 514

4.2 Linking Models Supported by armlink.................................................................................................. 514

4.2.1 Overview of linking models................................................................................................................. 515

4.2.2 Bare-metal linking model overview....................................................................................................516

4.2.3 Partial linking model overview.............................................................................................................517

4.2.4 Base Platform Application Binary Interface (BPABI) linking model overview............................518

4.2.5 Base Platform linking model overview.............................................................................................. 519

4.2.6 SysV linking model overview............................................................................................................... 521

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Arm

Compiler for Embedded Reference Guide

Document ID: 101754_6.21_00_en

Version 6.21

Contents

4.2.7 Concepts common to both BPABI and SysV linking models........................................................ 521

4.3 Image Structure and Generation............................................................................................................522

4.3.1 The structure of an Arm ELF image.................................................................................................. 522

4.3.2 Simple images..........................................................................................................................................534

4.3.3 Section placement with the linker......................................................................................................542

4.3.4 Linker support for creating demand-paged ﬁles............................................................................. 547

4.3.5 Linker reordering of execution regions containing T32 code.......................................................549

4.3.6 Linker-generated veneers..................................................................................................................... 549

4.3.7 Command-line options used to control the generation of C++ exception tables.................... 554

4.3.8 Weak references and deﬁnitions........................................................................................................ 555

4.3.9 How the linker performs library searching, selection, and scanning...........................................558

4.3.10 How the linker searches for the Arm standard libraries............................................................. 559

4.3.11 Specifying user libraries when linking.............................................................................................560

4.3.12 How the linker resolves references................................................................................................. 561

4.3.13 The strict family of linker options....................................................................................................562

4.4 Linker Optimization Features.................................................................................................................. 562

4.4.1 Elimination of common section groups.............................................................................................562

4.4.2 Elimination of unused sections........................................................................................................... 563

4.4.3 Optimization with RW data compression.........................................................................................564

4.4.4 Function inlining with the linker......................................................................................................... 567

4.4.5 Factors that inﬂuence function inlining.............................................................................................568

4.4.6 About branches that optimize to a NOP..........................................................................................570

4.4.7 Linker reordering of tail calling sections........................................................................................... 570

4.4.8 Restrictions on reordering of tail calling sections........................................................................... 571

4.4.9 Linker merging of comment sections.................................................................................................571

4.4.10 Merging identical constants...............................................................................................................572

4.5 Accessing and Managing Symbols with armlink................................................................................. 574

4.5.1 About mapping symbols....................................................................................................................... 574

4.5.2 Linker-deﬁned symbols..........................................................................................................................575

4.5.3 Region-related symbols......................................................................................................................... 576

4.5.4 Section-related symbols........................................................................................................................ 583

4.5.5 Access symbols in another image...................................................................................................... 586

4.5.6 Edit the symbol tables with a steering ﬁle.......................................................................................589

4.5.7 Use of $Super$$ and $Sub$$ to patch symbol deﬁnitions......................................................... 592

4.6 Scatter-loading Features...........................................................................................................................594

4.6.1 The scatter-loading mechanism.......................................................................................................... 594

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Arm

Compiler for Embedded Reference Guide

Document ID: 101754_6.21_00_en

Version 6.21

Contents

4.6.2 Root region and the initial entry point..............................................................................................601

4.6.3 Example of how to explicitly place a named section with scatter-loading................................ 619

4.6.4 Manual placement of unassigned sections.......................................................................................621

4.6.5 Placing veneers with a scatter ﬁle..................................................................................................... 635

4.6.6 Placement of CMSE veneer sections for a Secure image.............................................................636

4.6.7 Reserving an empty block of memory.............................................................................................. 638

4.6.8 Placement of Arm C and C++ library code......................................................................................640

4.6.9 Alignment of regions to page boundaries........................................................................................ 643

4.6.10 Alignment of execution regions and input sections.....................................................................645

4.6.11 Preprocessing a scatter ﬁle................................................................................................................646

4.6.12 Example of using expression evaluation in a scatter ﬁle to avoid padding............................. 647

4.6.13 Equivalent scatter-loading descriptions for simple images.........................................................648

4.6.14 How the linker resolves multiple matches when processing scatter ﬁles............................... 656

4.6.15 How the linker resolves path names when processing scatter ﬁles.........................................658

4.6.16 Scatter ﬁle to ELF mapping...............................................................................................................659

4.7 Scatter File Syntax.....................................................................................................................................661

4.7.1 BNF notation used in scatter-loading description syntax............................................................. 661

4.7.2 Syntax of a scatter ﬁle..........................................................................................................................662

4.7.3 Load region descriptions.......................................................................................................................663

4.7.4 Execution region descriptions..............................................................................................................670

4.7.5 Input section descriptions.................................................................................................................... 679

4.7.6 Expression evaluation in scatter ﬁles.................................................................................................685

4.8 BPABI and SysV Shared Libraries and Executables............................................................................696

4.8.1 About the Base Platform Application Binary Interface (BPABI)...................................................696

4.8.2 Platforms supported by the BPABI.................................................................................................... 697

4.8.3 Features common to all BPABI models.............................................................................................697

4.8.4 SysV linking model................................................................................................................................. 701

4.8.5 Bare metal and DLL-like memory models.........................................................................................709

4.8.6 Symbol versioning...................................................................................................................................717

4.9 Features of the Base Platform Linking Model.....................................................................................721

4.9.1 Restrictions on the use of scatter ﬁles with the Base Platform model...................................... 721

4.9.2 Scatter ﬁles for the Base Platform linking model........................................................................... 723

4.9.3 Placement of PLT sequences with the Base Platform model.......................................................724

4.10 Linker Steering File Command Reference..........................................................................................725

4.10.1 EXPORT steering ﬁle command....................................................................................................... 726

4.10.2 HIDE steering ﬁle command.............................................................................................................727

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Arm

Compiler for Embedded Reference Guide

Document ID: 101754_6.21_00_en

Version 6.21

Contents

4.10.3 IMPORT steering ﬁle command....................................................................................................... 728

4.10.4 RENAME steering ﬁle command......................................................................................................729

4.10.5 REQUIRE steering ﬁle command......................................................................................................730

4.10.6 RESOLVE steering ﬁle command..................................................................................................... 731

4.10.7 SHOW steering ﬁle command..........................................................................................................732

5. fromelf Reference...................................................................................................................................... 733

5.1 fromelf Command-line Options..............................................................................................................733

5.1.1 --base [[object_ﬁle::]load_region_ID=]num....................................................................................... 733

5.1.2 --bin............................................................................................................................................................734

5.1.3 --bincombined......................................................................................................................................... 735

5.1.4 --bincombined_base=address...............................................................................................................736

5.1.5 --bincombined_padding=size,num.......................................................................................................737

5.1.6 --cad...........................................................................................................................................................738

5.1.7 --cadcombined.........................................................................................................................................739

5.1.8 --compare=option[,option,…]................................................................................................................740

5.1.9 --continue_on_error................................................................................................................................741

5.1.10 --coprocN=value (fromelf)..................................................................................................................741

5.1.11 --cpu=list (fromelf)............................................................................................................................... 744

5.1.12 --cpu=name (fromelf).......................................................................................................................... 744

5.1.13 --datasymbols........................................................................................................................................748

5.1.14 --debugonly........................................................................................................................................... 748

5.1.15 --decode_build_attributes...................................................................................................................749

5.1.16 --diag_error=tag[,tag,…] (fromelf)......................................................................................................750

5.1.17 --diag_remark=tag[,tag,…] (fromelf).................................................................................................. 751

5.1.18 --diag_style=arm|ide|gnu (fromelf)....................................................................................................751

5.1.19 --diag_suppress=tag[,tag,…] (fromelf)...............................................................................................752

5.1.20 --diag_warning=tag[,tag,…] (fromelf)................................................................................................ 752

5.1.21 --disassemble.........................................................................................................................................753

5.1.22 --dump_build_attributes......................................................................................................................754

5.1.23 --elf.......................................................................................................................................................... 755

5.1.24 --emit=option[,option,…].....................................................................................................................755

5.1.25 --expandarrays...................................................................................................................................... 757

5.1.26 --extract_build_attributes....................................................................................................................758

5.1.27 --ﬁeldoﬀsets.......................................................................................................................................... 759

5.1.28 --fpu=list (fromelf)................................................................................................................................761

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