2018版802.1Q桥接网络标准详解：IEEE 802.1Q-2014修订版

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802.1Q协议是IEEE针对本地和城域网（LANs 和 MANs）中桥接（bridging）功能制定的一项重要标准。该标准最初在2014年发布，随后在2018年进行了修订，即IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018。这个标准由 LAN/MAN 标准委员会（LAN/MAN Standards Committee）在 IEEE 计算机学会的赞助下开发和维护。 IEEE Std 802.1Q的主要目标是定义数据帧封装方法，以便在多个网络间进行有效的通信，特别是当不同优先级的服务需要被区分和保障时。它通过在数据帧中添加一个称为 VLAN（Virtual Local Area Network）标识符（VLAN ID）的字段，实现了这一点。VLAN ID 能够将数据包分组到逻辑上的独立广播域中，从而限制了广播风暴的影响，提高网络的性能和安全性。在2018年的修订版中，可能包含了对先前标准的改进，例如增强的错误检测机制、性能优化、或者对于新技术的支持。同时，该标准也规定了授权使用的条件，如仅限于新墨西哥州立大学，并且在下载自 IEEE Explore 时可能存在特定的使用限制。 IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018适用于各种类型的桥接设备，包括但不限于以太网交换机，这些设备在局域网中扮演着关键角色，通过实现基于VLAN的网络隔离，可以简化网络管理，提升服务质量，并支持不同业务部门间的有效通信。此外，它还与802.1系列其他标准紧密协作，共同构建和维护一个健壮、安全的网络环境。作为一项行业标准，802.1Q-2018是网络管理员、网络工程师以及设备制造商的重要参考文档，确保了网络基础设施的互操作性和一致性。遵循此标准，组织能够设计出更高效、可扩展和安全的网络架构。

Introduction

IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018 incorporates the text of the following amendments into IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014.

IEEE Std 802.1Qcd™-2015 Application Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Type,

Length, Value (TLV)

IEEE Std 802.1Qca™-2015 Path Control and Reservation

IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014 Cor 1-2015 Technical and editorial corrections

IEEE Std 802.1Qbv™-2015 Enhancements for scheduled traffic

IEEE Std 802.1Qbu™-2016 Frame preemption

IEEE Std 802.1Qbz™-2016 Enhancements to Bridging of IEEE 802.11 Media

IEEE Std 802.1Qci™-2017 Per-Stream Filtering and Policing

IEEE Std 802.1Qch™-2017 Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding

The 2014 revision of this standard incorporated the text of the following amendments into IEEE Std 802.1Q-

2011.

IEEE Std 802.1Qbe™-2011 Multiple I-SID Registration Protocol

IEEE Std 802.1Qbc™-2011 Provider Bridging—Remote Customer Service Interfaces

IEEE Std 802.1Qbb™-2011 Priority-based Flow Control

IEEE Std 802.1Qaz™-2011 Enhanced Transmission Selection for Bandwidth Sharing

Between Traffic Classes

IEEE Std 802.1Qbf™-2011 PBB-TE Infrastructure Segment Protection

IEEE Std 802.1Qbg™-2012 Edge Virtual Bridging

IEEE Std 802.1aq™-2012 Shortest Path Bridging

IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011/Cor 2-2012 Technical and editorial corrections

IEEE Std 802.1Qbp™-2014 Equal Cost Multiple Paths (ECMP)

The 2011 revision of this standard incorporated the text of the following amendments into

IEEE

Std 802.1Q-2005.

IEEE Std 802.1ad™-2005 Provider Bridges

IEEE Std 802.1ak™-2007 Multiple Registration Protocol

IEEE Std 802.1ag™-2007 Connectivity Fault Management

IEEE Std 802.1ah™-2008 Provider Backbone Bridges

IEEE Std 802-1Q-2005/Cor-1-2008 Corrections to the Multiple Registration Protocol

IEEE Std 802.1ap™-2008 Management Information Base (MIB) Definitions for 

VLAN Bridges

IEEE Std 802.1Qaw™-2009 Management of Data Driven and Data Dependent 

Connectivity Faults

IEEE Std 802.1Qay™-2009 Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering

IEEE Std 802.1aj™-2009 Two-Port Media Access Control (MAC) Relay

IEEE Std 802.1Qav™-2009 Forwarding and Queuing Enhancements for 

Time-Sensitive Streams

IEEE Std 802.1Qau™-2010 Congestion Notification

IEEE Std 802.1Qat™-2010 Stream Reservation Protocol

This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—

Bridges and Bridged Networks.

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Contents

1. Overview............................................................................................................................................ 61

1.1 Scope...................................................................................................................................... 61

1.2 Purpose................................................................................................................................... 61

1.3 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 62

2. Normative references......................................................................................................................... 69

3. Definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 73

4. Abbreviations..................................................................................................................................... 95

5. Conformance.................................................................................................................................... 101

5.1 Requirements terminology................................................................................................... 101

5.2 Conformant components and equipment ............................................................................. 101

5.3 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS).................................................. 102

5.4 VLAN Bridge component requirements.............................................................................. 102

5.4.1 VLAN Bridge component options ...................................................................... 103

5.4.2 Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP) requirements ........................... 108

5.4.3 VLAN Bridge requirements for congestion notification .................................... 108

5.4.4 Multiple Stream Registration Protocol (MSRP) requirements ........................... 109

5.4.5 Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) operation (optional) ............................................ 109

5.4.6 Path Control and Reservation (PCR) (optional) ..................................................110

5.5 C-VLAN component conformance...................................................................................... 111

5.5.1 C-VLAN component options .............................................................................. 111

5.6 S-VLAN component conformance ...................................................................................... 111

5.6.1 S-VLAN component options .............................................................................. 112

5.6.2 S-VLAN component requirements for Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic

Engineering (PBB-TE) ....................................................................................... 112

5.6.3 S-VLAN component requirements for PBB-TE IPS .......................................... 112

5.6.4 S-VLAN component requirements for ECMP with flow filtering ..................... 113

5.7 I-component conformance ................................................................................................... 113

5.7.1 I-component options ........................................................................................... 113

5.8 B-component conformance.................................................................................................. 113

5.8.1 B-component options .......................................................................................... 114

5.8.2 B-component requirements for PBB-TE ............................................................ 114

5.8.3 B-component requirements for PBB-TE IPS ...................................................... 114

5.8.4 B-component requirements for ECMP with flow filtering ................................. 115

5.9 C-VLAN Bridge conformance............................................................................................. 115

5.9.1 C-VLAN Bridge options ..................................................................................... 115

5.10 Provider Bridge conformance.............................................................................................. 115

5.10.1 S-VLAN Bridge conformance ............................................................................ 115

5.10.2 Provider Edge Bridge conformance .................................................................... 116

5.11 System requirements for Priority-based Flow Control (PFC) ............................................. 116

5.12 Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB) conformance ....................................................................... 116

5.12.1 BEB requirements for PBB-TE .......................................................................... 117

5.13 MAC Bridge component requirements................................................................................ 117

5.13.1 MAC Bridge component options ........................................................................ 117

5.14 MAC Bridge conformance................................................................................................... 118

5.14.1 MAC Bridge options ........................................................................................... 118

5.15 TPMR component conformance.......................................................................................... 118

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5.15.1 TPMR component options .................................................................................. 119

5.16 TPMR conformance............................................................................................................. 119

5.16.1 TPMR options ..................................................................................................... 119

5.17 T-component conformance .................................................................................................. 119

5.17.1 T-component options .......................................................................................... 120

5.18 End station requirements for MMRP, MVRP, and MSRP .................................................. 120

5.18.1 MMRP requirements and options ....................................................................... 120

5.18.2 MVRP requirements and options ........................................................................ 121

5.18.3 MSRP requirements and options ........................................................................ 121

5.19 VLAN-aware end station requirements for CFM ................................................................ 122

5.20 End station requirements—FQTSS ..................................................................................... 122

5.21 End station requirements for congestion notification ......................................................... 123

5.22 MAC-specific bridging methods ......................................................................................... 123

5.23 EVB Bridge requirements....................................................................................................123

5.24 EVB station requirements.................................................................................................... 124

5.24.1 Edge relay (ER) requirements ............................................................................. 125

5.25 End station requirements—enhancements for scheduled traffic ......................................... 126

5.26 End station requirements—enhancements for frame preemption........................................ 126

5.27 End-station requirements—PSFP ........................................................................................ 127

5.28 End station requirements—Cyclic queuing and forwarding................................................ 127

6. Support of the MAC Service ........................................................................................................... 128

6.1 Basic architectural concepts and terms................................................................................ 129

6.2 Provision of the MAC Service............................................................................................. 129

6.2.1 Point-to-point, multipoint-to-multipoint, and rooted-multipoint connectivity ... 130

6.3 Support of the MAC Service ............................................................................................... 130

6.4 Preservation of the MAC Service ........................................................................................ 131

6.5 Quality of service (QoS) maintenance................................................................................. 131

6.5.1 Service availability ............................................................................................. 131

6.5.2 Frame loss ........................................................................................................... 132

6.5.3 Frame misordering .............................................................................................. 132

6.5.4 Frame duplication ............................................................................................... 133

6.5.5 Transit delay ....................................................................................................... 134

6.5.6 Frame lifetime ..................................................................................................... 135

6.5.7 Undetected frame error rate ................................................................................ 135

6.5.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size ...................................................................... 135

6.5.9 Priority ................................................................................................................ 135

6.5.10 Throughput .......................................................................................................... 136

6.6 Internal Sublayer Service (ISS) ........................................................................................... 137

6.7 Support of the ISS by specific MAC procedures................................................................. 137

6.7.1 Support of the ISS by IEEE Std 802.3 (Ethernet) ............................................... 137

6.7.2 Frame preemption ............................................................................................... 137

6.8 Enhanced Internal Sublayer Service (EISS) ........................................................................ 138

6.8.1 Service primitives ............................................................................................... 138

6.8.2 Status parameters ................................................................................................ 139

6.8.3 Point-to-point parameters ................................................................................... 139

6.8.4 Control primitives and parameters ...................................................................... 139

6.9 Support of the EISS ............................................................................................................. 140

6.9.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 141

6.9.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 142

6.9.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 142

6.9.4 Regenerating priority .......................................................................................... 144

6.10 Support of the ISS/EISS by PIPs ......................................................................................... 145

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6.10.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 147

6.10.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 148

6.10.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 148

6.11 Support of the EISS by CBPs .............................................................................................. 149

6.11.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 150

6.11.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 151

6.11.3 Priority Code Point decoding .............................................................................. 152

6.11.4 Regenerating priority .......................................................................................... 152

6.12 Protocol VLAN classification.............................................................................................. 152

6.12.1 Protocol Templates ............................................................................................. 154

6.12.2 Protocol Group Identifiers .................................................................................. 154

6.12.3 Protocol Group Database .................................................................................... 154

6.13 Support of the ISS for attachment to a PBN........................................................................ 155

6.13.1 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 156

6.13.2 Data indications .................................................................................................. 157

6.14 Support of the ISS within a system...................................................................................... 157

6.15 Support of the ISS by additional technologies..................................................................... 157

6.16 Filtering services in Bridged Networks ............................................................................... 158

6.16.1 Purpose(s) of filtering service provision ............................................................. 158

6.16.2 Goals of filtering service provision .................................................................... 158

6.16.3 Users of filtering services ................................................................................... 159

6.16.4 Basis of service ................................................................................................... 159

6.16.5 Categories of service ........................................................................................... 159

6.16.6 Service configuration .......................................................................................... 159

6.16.7 Service definition for Extended Filtering Services ............................................. 160

6.17 EISS Multiplex Entity.......................................................................................................... 161

6.18 Backbone Service Instance Multiplex Entity....................................................................... 162

6.18.1 Demultiplexing direction .................................................................................... 163

6.18.2 Multiplexing direction ........................................................................................ 164

6.18.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 165

6.18.4 Status parameters ................................................................................................ 165

6.19 TESI Multiplex Entity ......................................................................................................... 165

6.20 Support of the ISS with signaled priority ............................................................................ 166

6.20.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 167

6.20.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 167

6.21 Infrastructure Segment Multiplex Entity ............................................................................. 167

6.22 PDU and protocol discrimination and media ...................................................................... 169

7. Principles of Virtual Bridged Network operation............................................................................ 170

7.1 Network overview................................................................................................................ 170

7.2 Use of VLANs ..................................................................................................................... 171

7.3 Active topology.................................................................................................................... 171

7.4 VLAN topology ................................................................................................................... 172

7.5 Locating end stations ........................................................................................................... 173

7.6 Ingress, forwarding, and egress rules................................................................................... 174

8. Principles of Bridge operation ......................................................................................................... 175

8.1 Bridge operation .................................................................................................................. 175

8.1.1 Relay ................................................................................................................... 175

8.1.2 Filtering and relaying information ...................................................................... 176

8.1.3 Duplicate frame prevention ................................................................................ 176

8.1.4 Traffic segregation .............................................................................................. 176

8.1.5 Traffic reduction ................................................................................................. 177

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