深入探索：游戏引擎架构解析

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"《游戏引擎架构Game Engine Architecture》是由Jason Gregory撰写的一本书，由AK Peters Ltd.出版，属于Taylor & Francis Group的一部分。该书详细探讨了游戏开发中的核心引擎架构，旨在提供关于创建高效、可扩展的游戏引擎的专业知识。" 在游戏开发中，游戏引擎架构是至关重要的组成部分，它构成了游戏的基础框架，支持各种游戏功能的实现。《Game Engine Architecture》这本书深入浅出地介绍了这一主题，涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **基础架构**：包括游戏引擎的模块化设计，如渲染引擎、物理引擎、音频引擎、脚本系统、人工智能（AI）以及资源管理等。这些模块相互协作，构建出一个完整的游戏环境。 2. **渲染引擎**：讲解了现代游戏中的图形处理技术，如三维建模、纹理映射、光照、阴影、粒子效果和实时渲染算法，这些都是创造逼真视觉体验的关键。 3. **物理引擎**：讨论了碰撞检测、刚体动力学和软体模拟等物理规则的实现，使游戏中的物体运动更加真实。 4. **音频系统**：涵盖音频处理、音效播放、音乐集成以及与游戏事件的同步，为游戏添加沉浸式音效。 5. **脚本系统**：解释了如何设计和实现游戏逻辑的脚本语言，允许非程序员也能调整游戏行为。 6. **AI框架**：介绍智能体的设计、路径规划、决策制定以及学习算法，让游戏中的NPC（非玩家角色）具有一定的智能。 7. **数据流与资源管理**：探讨了高效的数据存储、加载策略和内存管理，确保游戏性能和资源利用率。 8. **网络编程**：讲解多人在线游戏的同步机制、延迟隐藏和错误处理，以支持大规模的在线游戏体验。 9. **跨平台兼容性**：分析了如何设计适应多种硬件平台（如PC、移动设备、游戏主机）的游戏引擎，确保代码的可移植性。 10. **性能优化**：讨论了CPU和GPU的使用效率、内存优化、多线程编程以及调试工具，以提升游戏运行速度和用户体验。这本书不仅适合有经验的游戏开发者，也适合对游戏开发感兴趣的初学者，通过阅读可以深入理解游戏开发背后的技术原理，并学会如何构建自己的游戏引擎。此外，书中还可能包含了对版权材料的引用和使用指南，以确保合法使用第三方内容。《Game Engine Architecture》是一本全面且深入的游戏引擎架构指南，为读者提供了丰富的理论知识和实践经验，有助于读者在游戏开发领域取得专业成就。

xiv Foreword

The recent explosion of downloadable and casual games has added even

more complexity to the diverse world of commercial video games. Even so,

big games are still big business. The incredible computing power available

on today’s complicated platforms has made room for increased complexity in

the so ware. Naturally, all this advanced so ware has to be created by some-

one, and that has driven up the size of development teams—not to mention

development costs. As the industry matures, we’re always looking for be er,

more eﬃ cient ways to build our products, and development teams have be-

gun compensating for the increased complexity by taking advantage of things

like reusable so ware and middleware.

With so many diﬀ erent styles of game on such a wide array of platforms,

there cannot be any single ideal so ware solution. However, certain pa erns

have developed, and there is a vast menu of potential solutions out there. The

problem today is choosing the right solution to ﬁ t the needs of the particular

project. Going deeper, a development team must consider all the diﬀ erent as-

pects of a project and how they ﬁ t together. It is rare to ﬁ nd any one so ware

package that perfectly suits every aspect of a new game design.

Those of us who are now veterans of the industry found ourselves pio-

neering unknown territory. Few programmers of our generation have Com-

puter Science degrees (Ma ’s is in Aeronautical Engineering, and Jason’s is

in Systems Design Engineering), but these days many colleges are starting to

programs and degrees in video games. The students and developers of today

need a good place to turn to for solid game-development information. For

pure high-end graphics, there are a lot of sources of very good information

from research to practical jewels of knowledge. However, these sources are

o en not directly applicable to production game environments or suﬀ er from

not having actual production-quality implementations. For the rest of game

development, there are so-called beginner books that so gloss over the details

and act as if they invented everything without giving references that they are

just not useful or o en even accurate. Then there are high-end specialty books

for various niches like physics, collision, AI, etc. But these can be needlessly

obtuse or too high level to be understood by all, or the piecemeal approach just

doesn’t all ﬁ t together. Many are even so directly tied to a particular piece of

technology as to become rapidly dated as the hardware and so ware change.

Then there is the Internet, which is an excellent supplementary tool for

knowledge gathering. However, broken links, widely inaccurate data, and

variable-to-poor quality o en make it not useful at all unless you know ex-

actly what you are a er.

Enter Jason Gregory, himself an industry veteran with experience at

Naughty Dog—one of the most highly regarded video game studios in the

xviii Preface

play programming, including player mechanics, cameras, and AI. However,

by necessity, the scope of these discussions will be limited mainly to the ways

in which gameplay systems interface with the engine.

This book is intended to be used as a course text for a two- or three-course

college-level series in intermediate game programming. Of course, it can also

be used by amateur so ware engineers, hobbyists, self-taught game program-

mers, and existing members of the game industry alike. Junior engineers can

use this text to solidify their understanding of game mathematics, engine ar-

chitecture, and game technology. And some senior engineers who have de-

voted their careers to one particular specialty may beneﬁ t from the bigger

picture presented in these pages, as well.

To get the most out of this book, you should have a working knowledge

of basic object-oriented programming concepts and at least some experience

programming in C++. Although a host of new and exciting languages are be-

ginning to take hold within the game industry, industrial-strength 3D game

engines are still wri en primarily in C or C++, and any serious game pro-

grammer needs to know C++. We’ll review the basic tenets of object-oriented

programming in Chapter 3, and you will no doubt pick up a few new C++

tricks as you read this book, but a solid foundation in the C++ language is best

obtained from [39], [31], and [32]. If your C++ is a bit rusty, I recommend you

refer to these or similar books to refresh your knowledge as you read this text.

If you have no prior C++ experience, you may want to consider reading at least

the ﬁ rst few chapters of [39], or working through a few C++ tutorials online,

before diving into this book.

The best way to learn computer programming of any kind is to actually

write some code. As you read through this book, I strongly encourage you to

select a few topic areas that are of particular interest to you and come up with

some projects for yourself in those areas. For example, if you ﬁ nd character

animation interesting, you could start by installing Ogre3D and exploring its

skinned animation demo. Then you could try to implement some of the anima-

tion blending techniques described in this book, using Ogre. Next you might

decide to implement a simple joypad-controlled animated character that can

run around on a ﬂ at plane. Once you have something relatively simple work-

ing, expand upon it! Then move on to another area of game technology. Rinse

and repeat. It doesn’t particularly ma er what the projects are, as long as

you’re practicing the art of game programming, not just reading about it.

Game technology is a living, breathing thing that can never be entirely

captured within the pages of a book. As such, additional resources, errata,

updates, sample code, and project ideas will be posted from time to time on

this book’s website at h p://gameenginebook.com.

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