SD协议3.01详解：物理层规格更新历史

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SD Specifications Part 1 - 物理层简述本资源详细介绍了SD协议的最新版本3.01，发布于2010年5月18日，由SD Group（包括松下、SanDisk和东芝）以及SD卡协会共同制定。SD协会版权自2001年至2010年。这个版本是对先前版本的重大改进，特别是与2006年4月的1.10版和同年9月的2.00版相比。在物理层简化的3.01规格中，关键变化可能涉及以下几个方面： 1. **修订历史**：自最初的1.10版发布以来，通过2006年9月的2.00版和2010年5月的3.01版，不断优化和更新了协议以适应技术发展。每次升级都可能包括性能提升、兼容性改进以及对新设备和技术的支持。 2. **知识产权政策**：该规范在提交审查时，如果包含了SD 1.0或1.01版本的部分内容，采用者必须遵循SD-3C, LLC的许可政策，确保对相关技术部分的合法使用。 3. **许可证获取**：为了确保合规性，采用3.01版的会员需要获得必要的许可证，这可能涉及到支付版税或者与其他专利持有者达成协议，以避免潜在的法律问题。 4. **标准化进程**：该规范的发布旨在促进SD卡在硬件设备中的广泛应用，它定义了接口标准，如数据传输速率、物理尺寸、电源管理和错误检测/纠正机制，以便制造商能够设计和制造出符合标准的存储设备。 5. **技术细节**：3.01版可能对接触点、引脚配置、信号处理、物理尺寸限制等方面进行了更新，以提高卡片的耐用性和互操作性，同时保持向后兼容性。总结来说，SD协议3.01是一个核心的行业标准，它定义了SD卡在现代电子设备中的基本工作原理和接口要求。对于任何依赖于SD卡技术的开发者、制造商和用户来说，理解和遵守这一标准至关重要，以确保设备的兼容性和数据安全。随着技术的不断发展，后续的修订可能还会引入新的功能和优化，以适应不断变化的市场需求。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

• Protocol attributes of the communication channel:

SD Memory Card Communication Channel

Six-wire communication channel

(clock, command, 4 data lines)

Error-protected data transfer

Single or Multiple block oriented data transfer

• SD Memory Card Form-factor

There are three Part 1 mechanical addenda as follows:

Standard Size SD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 Standard Size SD Card Addendum"

miniSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 miniSD Card Addendum"

microSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 microSD Card Addendum"

• Standard Size SD Memory Card thickness is defined as both 2.1 mm (normal) and 1.4 mm (Thin

SD Memory Card).

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, one type of SD Memory Cards is defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

3.3 Card Capacity

3.3.1 User Area and Protected Area

SD Memory Card has two accessible independent areas: User Area and Protected Area. User Area is

main memory area and Protected Area can be accessed by the authentication defined by the Part 3

Security Specification. Card Capacity means the sum of User Area Capacity and Protected Area

Capacity.

3.3.2 Card Capacity Classification

In terms of card capacity, three types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Card (SDSC) supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes). All versions of the Physical Layer Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory

Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Card (SDHC) supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 32

G bytes and is defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

• Extended Capacity SD Memory Card (SDXC) supports more than 32 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 2TB.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 or later and the File

System Specification Ver2.00 or higher can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards and Extended

Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize High Capacity SD Memory Cards and

Extended Capacity SD Memory Cards.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 or higher and the File

System Specification Ver3.00 or later (exFAT supported) can access Extended Capacity SD Memory

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 and Part 2 File System Specification Version

3.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 2 GB, High

Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 32 GB and Extended Capacity

SD Memory Card to have capacity up to 2 TB.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2 GB

and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of

2 GB or less.

3. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB

and up to 2 TB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of 32 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-1: "no response" and "no data" Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-1). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-2: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-3) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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