使用C++和XAML构建Windows Store应用：Hilo实战

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"这篇文章是关于使用C++和XAML开发Windows Store应用的详细指南，名为'Hilo'。由多位微软专家编写，适用于2012年版本，旨在帮助开发者理解如何构建端到端的Windows Store应用程序。文档内容包括对XAML的介绍、项目设置、编程基础等多个方面，适合有C++背景的开发者学习移动应用开发。" 在移动应用开发领域，C++作为一门强大的编程语言，被广泛用于创建高性能和低级别的系统级应用。而XAML（Extensible Application Markup Language）则是一种用于构建用户界面的标记语言，尤其在Windows平台上，XAML提供了声明式编程模型，使得UI设计更为直观和高效。为何选择XAML？XAML允许开发者分离UI设计和业务逻辑，使得界面设计可以独立于代码进行修改，同时支持数据绑定和事件处理，提高了开发效率。在C++与XAML的结合中，C++负责底层逻辑和性能关键部分，而XAML则专注于构建用户友好的交互界面。本文档的主要内容涵盖了以下几点： 1. **适用范围**：该文档适用于有一定C++基础，希望通过学习C++和XAML来开发Windows Store应用的开发者。 2. **下载**：可能提供了一个Hilo项目的源代码下载，供读者实践和学习。 3. **先决条件**：可能包含了开发者需要掌握的基本知识和工具，例如Visual Studio IDE，以及C++和XAML的基础知识。 4. **内容概览**：文档可能详细介绍了如何从零开始构建一个Windows Store应用，包括项目设置、UI设计、事件处理、数据绑定等步骤。 5. **为什么选择XAML**：探讨了XAML在Windows Store应用开发中的优势和使用场景。 6. **学习资源**：可能提到了其他的学习资料和教程，帮助开发者进一步深入理解和掌握C++和XAML的结合使用。通过这个文档，开发者不仅能了解到如何将C++的强大力量应用于移动应用，还能掌握利用XAML创建现代、动态用户界面的技巧，从而提升Windows Store应用的用户体验。同时，文档还强调了内容可能会随着时间变化而更新，提醒读者注意信息的时效性。

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You can run Hilo in any of the languages that it supports. Set the desired language from Control Panel.

For example, if you set the preferred language to Arabic (Saudi Arabia) before you start Hilo, the app will

display Arabic text right-to-left and use the default calendar for that locale. Here is a screen shot of the

year groups view localized for Arabic (Saudi Arabia).

The Hilo source code includes localization for Arabic (Saudi Arabia), English (United States), German

(Germany) and Japanese (Japan).

Projects and solution folders

The Hilo Visual Studio solution contains three projects: Hilo, HiloTests, and CartoonEffect.

Note The version of Hilo that contains the HiloTests project is available at patterns & practices -

Develop Windows Store apps using C++ & XAML: Hilo.

The Hilo project uses Visual Studio solution folders to organize the source code files into these logical

categories:

 The Assets folder contains the splash screen, tile, and other images.

 The Common folder contains common page and navigation functionality for the app.

 The Strings folder contains resource strings, with subfolders for each locale.

 The ExceptionHandling folder defines the policies and classes for dealing with unhandled

exceptions.

 The Imaging folder contains imaging extension code and helpers.

 The Models folder contains repository code and other classes that are used by viewmodels.

 The Tile folder contains the code that updates the app's Start screen tile.

 The ViewModels folder contains the application logic that is exposed to XAML controls.

 The Views folder contains the app's XAML controls.

 The XamlExtensions folder contains data converters and other utilities.

The HiloTests project contains unit tests for Hilo. It shares code with the Hilo project and adds source

files that contain unit tests. The CartoonEffect project implements an image processing algorithm that

applies a cartoon effect to an image, packaged as a static library.

You can reuse some of the components in Hilo with any app with little or no modification. For your own

app, you can adapt the organization and ideas that these files provide. When we consider a coding

pattern to be especially applicable in any app, we call it out here.

The development tools and languages

Hilo is a Windows Store app that uses C++ and XAML. This combination is not the only option. You can

write Windows Store apps in many ways, using the language of your choice. When we considered which

language to use for Hilo, we asked these questions:

 What kind of app do we want to build? If you're creating a food, banking, or photo app, you

might use HTML5/CSS/JavaScript or XAML/C++/C#/Visual Basic because the Windows Runtime

provides enough built-in controls and functionality to create these kinds of apps. However, if

you're creating a 3-D app or game and want to take full advantage of graphics hardware, you

might choose C++ and DirectX.

 What is our current skillset? If you're a XAML expert, then XAML and C++ or .NET might be a

natural choice for your app. If you know web development technologies, you might choose

HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript.

 What existing code can we bring forward? If you have existing code, algorithms, or libraries

that work with Windows Store apps, you can bring that code forward. For example, if you have

existing app logic written in C++, you might consider creating your Windows Store app with C++.

Tip You can build reusable Windows Runtime components using C++, C#, or Visual Basic. You can use

your component in any of your apps, even if they are written in a different programming language. For

more info, see Creating Windows Runtime Components.

We chose C++ for performance and because it matched our skillsets. We believed that a full photo app

would likely perform compute-intensive image processing such as image filter effects, and we knew that

C++ would let us best take advantage of the multicore and GPU capabilities of the hardware platform in

this case. For example, Hilo uses C++ Accelerated Massive Parallelism (C++ AMP) to implement a cartoon

effect. C++ gave us a direct path to libraries such as C++ AMP and the Parallel Patterns Library (PPL).

We chose XAML for developer productivity. We believed that XAML's declarative UI approach and many

built-in features would save us time and let us focus on design and core app logic.

We chose Visual Studio Express as our environment to write, debug, and unit test code, Team

Foundation Server to track planned work, manage bug reports, version source code, and automate

builds, and Blend for Visual Studio to design animations.

The document Getting started with Windows Store apps orients you to the language options available.

Note Regardless of which language you choose, you'll want to ensure your app is fast and fluid to give

your users the best possible experience. The Windows Runtime enables this by providing asynchronous

operations. Each programming language provides a way to consume these operations. See

Asynchronous programming to learn more about how we used C++ to implement a fast and fluid UX.

Designing Hilo's UX (Windows Store apps using C++ and

XAML)

Summary

 Focus on the UX and not on what features the app will have.

 Use storyboards to quickly iterate on the UX.

 Use standard Windows features to provide a UX that is consistent with other apps. Also validate

the UX with the guidelines index for Windows Store apps.

The document Planning Windows Store apps suggests design guidelines to follow. Here we explain the

design process for the Hilo C++ sample app UX and the Windows 8 features that we will use as part of

the app. You might want to read Index of UX guidelines for Windows Store apps before you read this

document.

The planning process was iterative. We brainstormed the experience goals, ran them past UX designers

and customers, gathered feedback, and incorporated that feedback into our planning. Throughout the

development process, we regularly checked with our advisors to make sure that we were moving

towards our original goals. For example, we received early feedback to demonstrate how to use C++

Accelerated Massive Parallelism (C++ AMP) in Hilo. We had existing code that applies a cartoon effect to

an image, so we added this feature. (For more info, see Asynchronous programming.)

To meet our larger overall goal of demonstrating how to develop a Windows Store app using the latest

technologies, we added a feature only when it shows something unique about creating Windows Store

apps. For example, the app starts on a hub page instead of directly on the image browser page. We

considered adding additional sections to the hub page that let you view pictures in different ways (for

example, your tagged "favorites"). But we felt that this distracted from the app's core features. We

designed Hilo so that you can extend its functionality.

You will learn

 How we tied our "great at" statement to the app flow.

 How storyboards and prototypes drive design.

 Which Windows 8 features to consider as you plan your app.

Deciding the UX goals

Hilo is a photo app, and so we wanted to pick the right experiences for users to relive their memories.

Brainstorming the user experience

Our first step was to brainstorm which aspects of a photo app are the most crucial for a great UX and let

these features guide us through the design process. Here are some of the features we came up with:

 Browse photos

 Rotate and crop photos

 Perform red-eye reduction and other image manipulations

 Tag and categorize photos

 Synchronize photos across devices

 Create a photo collage

 Create a photo slideshow

 Share photos on the web

What's Hilo great at?

Planning Windows Store apps suggests that you create a "great at" statement to guide your UX

planning. Here's the "great at" statement we came up with for Hilo:

Hilo is great at helping people relive their memories.

There were many things that we could have done in Hilo. But we felt that the ability to browse, view,

rotate, and crop photos best demonstrate the basics for creating a basic, yet complete, photo app. We

focused on the kinds of features that characterize a Windows Store app.

Realistically, the true goal of Hilo is not to provide a great photo app, but to demonstrate the key

components and methodologies that make a great app. But we used this statement to guide our design

tradeoffs as we built the app. By focusing on the user scenario, and not the individual features, we were

better able to focus on what our users can do, and not what the app can do.

Deciding the app flow

The app flow ties to our "great at" statement. A flow defines how the user interacts with the app to

perform tasks. Windows Store apps should be intuitive and require the fewest interactions. We used

two common techniques to help with this step: creating storyboards and mock-ups.

A storyboard defines the flow of an app. Storyboards focus on how we intend the app to behave, and

not the specific details of what it will look like. Storyboards help bridge the gap between the idea of the

app and its implementation, but are typically faster and cheaper to produce than prototyping the real

thing. For Hilo, storyboards were critical to helping us define a UX that naturally flows the user through

the experience. This technique has been used in the film industry and is now becoming more common in

UX design.

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