Delft Design Guide: 英文版设计方法宝典

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"代尔夫特设计指南全英文版是一本专注于设计方法和实践的应用书籍，主要面向工业设计、产品设计和交互设计领域的本科生和研究生。该指南深入探讨了设计过程中的各种方法、应用场景和规则流程，旨在帮助设计师构建一套丰富的设计策略库。" 《代尔夫特设计指南》的核心观点在于，设计方法并非保证成功的固定公式，而是设计师思考和行动的框架。正如烹饪菜谱不能确保每道菜肴都完美，设计方法的作用在于协助设计师有条不紊地进行工作，有效地达成目标，避免走弯路。此外，这些方法还能够增强设计师与团队或客户之间的沟通能力，确保在复杂的设计过程中保持清晰的方向。在使用这本书时，作者提出一个重要的建议：理解设计方法的本质。设计方法不是机械地遵循步骤，而是需要通过反思和批判性思考来不断学习和成长。这要求读者在实践中不断试验，根据具体项目调整方法，以此积累经验并提升个人设计能力。书中详细介绍了设计过程中的关键步骤，包括但不限于需求分析、概念生成、原型制作、用户测试和迭代优化。每个阶段都有相应的工具和技巧，帮助设计师更好地理解和解决问题。例如，在需求分析阶段，可能会涉及用户研究、市场调研以及问题定义；而在概念生成阶段，可能会使用头脑风暴、设计思维等创新方法来激发创意。此外，指南还强调了跨学科合作的重要性，特别是在现代设计领域，设计师需要与工程师、市场专家和产品经理等多个角色紧密协作。因此，书中的方法不仅涵盖了设计技巧，还包括了团队协作和项目管理的策略。《代尔夫特设计指南》是一本全面而实用的资源，无论对于在校学生还是业界专业人士，都能从中受益匪浅。它不仅提供了设计流程的指导，更注重培养设计师的思维方式和问题解决能力，帮助他们适应快速变化的设计环境，创造出更具创新性和用户体验的设计方案。

of designing one must understand the nature of that reasoning process. The functioning of a

product depends on its form, use and context of use. This means that if you know the

geometrical and physio-chemical (material) form of a product, you can in principle predict its

properties. If you also know in which environment and how the product will be used, you can

predict whether it will function as intended and whether the related needs and values will be

realised. This kind of reasoning, from form and use towards function and needs, is called

‘analysis’. Analysis is a deductive process. If it is done properly analysis will lead to

particular conclusions with great certainty. However, for designers the essential mode of

reasoning is to reason from function to form, which is called ‘synthesis’ – this starts with the

values and needs of the potential user and ends with ideas for the form of a product and its

use. Synthesis is not a deductive, but an abductive process. In synthesis creativity is the

driving force and there may exist many different solutions.

Model description

FORM

The geometrical and material form of a product is specified in its design. The design is what

you as a designer will determine and document during the design process. The parts that make

up a design are realised in the production process.

MODE AND CONDITIONS OF USE

A product does not function until it is used. Use always finds place in a specific environment.

Both the form of the product and its use affect the manner in which a product will actually

function.

PROPERTIES

Due to its form, a product has certain properties, like weight, strength or colour. Properties

describe the expected behaviour of a product under certain circumstances. Properties can be

intensive or extensive. The former are completely determined by the material of a part, for

example its weight. The intensive properties and the geometrical form determine the latter.

For example, the material and the geometrical form together determine the strength of a part.

As a designer you typically focus on the extensive properties, as they most directly determine

the functioning of a product. By choosing a certain material, you often set many intensive

properties all at once. These properties have both desirable and less desirable consequences.

For example, steel is stiff, but is heavy and rusts, while aluminium is light and does not

corrode, but is less stiff. The art of designing is to give the product such a geometrical form

that it has the desired extensive properties, given its intensive ones.

you lose sight of where you are in this cycle, confusion might set in – even for professional

designers. Ideally, you spiral from problem to solution, from abstract to concrete, from

function to product geometry. Usually this is an iterative process where you sometimes have

to take a few steps back – ‘back to the drawing board!’ – in order to go a step forward later

on. Being aware of the basic cycle that you are going through, up to a few times per minute,

helps you as a designer to organise your thoughts and design activities.

Process description

The model describes five stages, each with a related outcome/result.

ANALYSE:

In this stage you analyse aspects related to your design goal or a design problem. The

processed information will yield the design criteria. For example, when thinking about

what to wear, you consider the weather and the social context.

SYNTHESISE:

In this stage you generate possible solutions. This ideation will result in ideas or

designs. For example, you come up with possible ensembles of clothing, shoes and

accessories.

SIMULATE:

In this stage you draw and model your ideas so that you can estimate and define the

expected properties of your design. For example, you try on several ensembles.

EVALUATION:

In this stage you bring in your design criteria to evaluate your design. For example, you

check how you look in the mirror and consider whether you are dressed suitably for the

weather.

DECISION:

In this stage you decide whether your design is acceptable or not. If it is not, you go back

to one of the earlier stages. For example, you decide that your jacket is too warm and

that you should wear a thinner one instead.

Tips & Concerns

Do not confuse the five stages with the phases of the design process. The design process does

not involve just one creative phase or one analytical phase; these activities are ongoing

continuously. This means that there is not one creative phase after which you can stop being

creative.

You must engage in creative thinking throughout the process, also during the engineering of

details and when determining the production processes.

When you ‘get lost’ in your ideas and thoughts, you might find it helpful to consider which

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