Oracle Solaris 11.3 桌面管理员指南

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"Oracle Solaris 11.3 桌面管理员指南" Oracle Solaris 11.3 桌面管理员指南是为管理Oracle Solaris 11.3操作系统桌面环境的专业人士提供的一份详尽参考资料。该指南旨在帮助管理员有效地管理和维护Oracle Solaris 11.3系统的桌面环境，确保用户能够安全、高效地使用操作系统。这份文档由Oracle公司出版，涵盖了版权保护的软件和相关文档，遵循特定的使用和披露限制。 Oracle Solaris 11.3是Oracle公司的一款先进操作系统，它提供了高性能、安全性以及稳定性，广泛应用于企业级服务器和桌面系统。作为桌面管理员，你需要了解如何配置和管理用户界面、网络连接、打印服务、安全管理、更新维护等多个方面。在Oracle Solaris 11.3中，桌面环境通常包括X Window系统、GNOME桌面环境和其他各种工具，这些工具用于日常任务如文件管理、系统设置和应用程序的启动。指南可能会涵盖以下主题： 1. **系统安装与升级**：介绍如何安装和升级Oracle Solaris 11.3操作系统，包括使用Live CD/DVD或网络安装方法。 2. **用户管理**：解释如何创建、管理用户账户，包括密码策略、权限控制和用户组设置。 3. **网络配置**：指导如何设置网络接口、DNS解析、DHCP服务以及网络服务的启动和停止。 4. **图形桌面环境**：详细说明如何配置和定制GNOME桌面，包括主题、窗口管理器、桌面快捷方式等。 5. **打印服务**：涵盖打印机的添加、配置、共享，以及故障排查。 6. **安全设置**：讲解防火墙规则、认证机制、加密技术以及安全策略的实施。 7. **系统更新与维护**：介绍如何使用`pkg`工具进行软件包管理，包括安装、升级、删除软件，以及使用`zypper`进行系统更新和补丁应用。 8. **性能监控**：讲解如何使用系统工具监控资源使用情况，以优化系统性能。 9. **故障诊断与日志分析**：提供故障排查步骤和日志文件的解读方法。 10. **应用程序集成**：讨论如何集成和管理Oracle Solaris 11.3中的第三方应用程序。此指南可能还包括对特殊功能的深入探讨，如ZFS文件系统、DTrace动态跟踪工具、Service Management Facility (SMF) 和动态库链接器等Oracle Solaris特有的技术。对于美国政府用户，Oracle提供的软件和服务可能受到特定的许可条款约束，这些条款可能涉及到兼容性、互操作性和信息使用的限制。 Oracle Solaris 11.3 桌面管理员指南是IT专业人士的重要参考资料，它提供了一整套系统管理和维护的最佳实践，确保了桌面环境的高效运行。

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GConf Repository Components

GConf applies preferences in the following order of priority:

1. Mandatory preferences.

2. User-specified preferences.

3. Default preferences

The include instructions in the GConf path file enable you to specify other configuration

sources.

Included Configuration Source Description

/etc/gconf/2/local-mandatory.path

Use this configuration source to store mandatory

preference values for a particular system.

$(HOME)/.gconf.path

Specify the location of the configuration source in the

home directory in the .gconf.path file.

/etc/gconf/2/local-defaults.path

Use this configuration source to store default preference

values for a particular system.

GConf Schema

A GConf schema is a collective term for a GConf schema key and a GConf schema object.

Schema keys, schema objects, and their relationship to preference keys are defined as follows:

■

Preference key – An element in the GConf repository that corresponds to an application

preference , for example, /desktop/gnome/interface/font_name.

■

Schema key – A key that stores a schema object for a preference key , for example,

/schemas/desktop/gnome/interface/font_name.

■

Schema object – An element in a configuration source that contains the following

information for a preference key:

■

Name of the application that uses the preference key

■

Type of value required for the preference key, for example, integer, boolean, and so on.

■

Default value for the preference key

■

Brief documentation about the preference key

For example, the schema object for the /schemas/desktop/gnome/interface/font_name

key is as follows:

<applyto>/desktop/gnome/interface/font_name</applyto>

<key>/schemas/desktop/gnome/interface/font_name</key>

<owner>gnome</owner>

16 Oracle Solaris 11.3 Desktop Administrator's Guide • March 2018

GConf Repository Components

<type>string</type>

<short>Default font</short>

<long>Name of the default font used by gtk+.</long>

</locale>

</schema>

You can associate a schema key with a preference key. For example, the /desktop/gnome/

interface/font_name key includes the following schema key:

<entry name="font_name" mtime="1034873859"

schema="/schemas/desktop/gnome/interface/font_name"/>

When you associate a schema key with a preference key, the preference uses the suggested

value that is specified in the schema object of the schema key. The suggested value is contained

in the <default> element in the schema object. By default, all the preference keys in the default

configuration source are associated with schema keys. Typically, schemas are stored in the

default configuration source.

Schema Definition Files

Schemas are generated from schema definition files. A schema definition file defines the

characteristics of all keys for a particular application and is used to create a new configuration

source. The schema definition files have a .schemas extension and are included in the /etc/

gconf/schemas directory.

Some schema definition files correspond closely to a part of the Oracle Solaris Desktop user

interface. For example, the system_http_proxy.schemas file describes keys that correspond to

the preferences in the Internet preference tool.

Other schema definition files describe keys that are not exposed by the Oracle Solaris Desktop

user interface. For example, the panel-global.schemas file describes the /apps/panel/

global/tooltips_enabled key. This key, which controls whether tooltips are shown on

desktop panels, is not exposed as a preference in any desktop preference tool. Such keys might

be modified using the gconftool-2 command. For more information, see “Working With the

GConf Command-Line Tool” on page 18.

Some parts of the Oracle Solaris Desktop user interface contain preferences that represent

GConf keys from more than one schema definition file. For example, the Keyboard Shortcuts

preference tool contains preferences that represent keys from the panel-global-config.

schemas and metacity.schemas files.

Chapter 2 • Managing User Preferences With GConf 17

GConf Daemon

The GConf daemon is called gconfd-2. The GConf daemon notifies applications when a

preference value changes. For example, you might select to show only icons in toolbars in the

Menus and Toolbars preference tool. When you select this option in the preference tool, the

toolbars on all open applications are updated instantly. The GConf daemon can operate locally,

or across a network.

By default, an instance of the GConf daemon is started for each user. The GConf daemon

does not handle complex problems such as authentication and data security. When the GConf

daemon starts, the daemon loads the GConf path file from the /etc/gconf/version/path

directory. The GConf daemon manages all access between applications and the configuration

sources.

When an application requests the value of a preference key, the GConf daemon uses the

following process to search the configuration sources in a particular order:

1. Search es for the value of the preference key in each configuration source in the order

specified in the path file. If the value is found, returns the value.

2. If a value is not found, searches for the schema key that corresponds to the preference key

in each configuration source in the order specified in the path file.

3. If the schema key is found, checks the value of the schema key.

4. If the value of the schema key is a schema object, returns the suggested value in the

<default> element of the schema object.

The GConf daemon also caches preference key values. All applications can use this cache, so

applications need to access the configuration sources only once.

To stop the GConf daemon, type the following command:

# gconftool-2 --shutdown

Working With the GConf Command-Line Tool

GConf includes a command-line tool, gconftool-2. You can use the gconftool-2 command to

perform the following tasks:.

■

Set the values of keys

■

Display the values of keys

■

Install schemas from schema definition files when you install an application

18 Oracle Solaris 11.3 Desktop Administrator's Guide • March 2018

Working With the GConf Command-Line Tool

For example, you would use the following command to display the values of all keys in the

/desktop/gnome directory and subdirectories.

# gconftool-2 --recursive-list /desktop/gnome

The following table describes some of the options that you can use with the gconftool-2

command. For detailed command-line options, see the gconftool-2(1) man page.

TABLE 1

gconftool-2 Command-Line Options

Option Function

--all-dirs

Lists all subdirectories in the specified directory.

--all-entries

Displays the values of all keys in the specified directory.

--config-source=configuration-

source

Use this option with the --direct option to specify a configuration source

to use.

Note - If you do not specify a configuration source with this option, the

command runs on all configuration sources in the path file.

--direct Use this option with the --config-source option to access a configuration

source directly. When you use this option, GConf bypasses the server.

Note - Ensure that the GConf daemon, gconfd-2, is not running before

you use this option.

--dump

Generates a list that contains all preference keys in the specified GConf

repository directory. The list contains XML descriptions of all the keys.

The list is contained in a <gconfentryfile> element.

For example, you can redirect the output from this option to generate a file

that lists all keys that are related to your panel configuration. You can use

the --load option with this file.

--get

Displays the value of the specified preference key. Also displays the values

of the elements in the schema object for the specified schema key.

--help Displays a help message about the gconftool-2 command, and the options

that you can use with the gconftool-2 command.

--load=filename

Set s the values of preference keys in the current directory in a

configuration source to the values in a specified file. The file that you

specify must contain XML descriptions of the keys in a <gconfentryfile>

element.

--long-desc=description Use this option with the --set-schema option to specify a long description

for a schema key.

--makefile-install-rule

Installs schema definition files to applications.

--owner=owner Use this option with the --set-schema option to specify an owner for a

schema key.

--recursive-list

Displays the values of all preference keys in all subdirectories in the

specified directory.

--recursive-unset

Resets the values of all preference keys in all subdirectories in a directory

to the settings in the default configuration source.

Chapter 2 • Managing User Preferences With GConf 19

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Oracle Solaris 11.3 桌面管理员指南

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