根据哈夫曼编码的原理,编写一个程序,在用户输入结点权重的基础上建立它的哈夫曼编码。 要求实现: (1)输入相应数据, 构造哈夫曼树; (2)根据哈夫曼树构造哈夫曼编码; 用c语言实现
时间: 2023-07-08 16:50:50 浏览: 138
好的,我会尽力回答你的问题。
首先,哈夫曼编码是一种可变字长编码(Variable Length Code),它是一种无损压缩算法,适用于对频率分布不同的字符集进行编码。它的基本原理是:将出现频率较高的字符用较短的编码,而将出现频率较低的字符用较长的编码,这样可以使得编码后的数据长度更短。
下面是一个简单的哈夫曼编码的实现,代码是用 C 语言编写的:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_NODES 100
typedef struct HuffmanNode {
int weight;
int parent;
int lchild;
int rchild;
} HuffmanNode;
typedef struct HuffmanCode {
int *bits;
int length;
} HuffmanCode;
void buildHuffmanTree(HuffmanNode *nodes, int n) {
int i, j, k;
int min1, min2;
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
min1 = min2 = MAX_NODES;
k = 0;
for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) {
if (nodes[j].parent == -1 && nodes[j].weight < min1) {
min2 = min1;
min1 = nodes[j].weight;
k = j;
} else if (nodes[j].parent == -1 && nodes[j].weight < min2) {
min2 = nodes[j].weight;
}
}
nodes[k].weight = min1 + min2;
for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) {
if (nodes[j].parent == -1 && nodes[j].weight == min1) {
nodes[j].parent = k;
nodes[k].lchild = j;
} else if (nodes[j].parent == -1 && nodes[j].weight == min2) {
nodes[j].parent = k;
nodes[k].rchild = j;
}
}
}
}
void buildHuffmanCode(HuffmanNode *nodes, HuffmanCode *codes, int n) {
int i, j, c;
int parent;
int *bits;
bits = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
codes[i].bits = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int));
codes[i].length = 0;
parent = nodes[i].parent;
j = i;
c = 0;
while (parent != -1) {
if (nodes[parent].lchild == j) {
bits[c] = 0;
} else {
bits[c] = 1;
}
j = parent;
parent = nodes[j].parent;
c++;
}
for (j = c - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
codes[i].bits[c - j - 1] = bits[j];
}
codes[i].length = c;
}
free(bits);
}
void printHuffmanCode(HuffmanCode *codes, int n) {
int i, j;
printf("Huffman Codes:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d: ", i);
for (j = 0; j < codes[i].length; j++) {
printf("%d", codes[i].bits[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
int main() {
int i, n;
HuffmanNode nodes[MAX_NODES];
HuffmanCode codes[MAX_NODES];
printf("Enter the number of nodes: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the weights of the nodes: ");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &nodes[i].weight);
nodes[i].parent = -1;
nodes[i].lchild = -1;
nodes[i].rchild = -1;
}
buildHuffmanTree(nodes, n);
buildHuffmanCode(nodes, codes, n);
printHuffmanCode(codes, n);
return 0;
}
```
这个代码实现了两个函数,一个是 `buildHuffmanTree`,用于构造哈夫曼树;另一个是 `buildHuffmanCode`,用于根据哈夫曼树构造哈夫曼编码。在 `main` 函数中,我们可以输入节点的权重,然后调用这两个函数来构造哈夫曼编码,并打印输出。
希望我的回答能够对你有所帮助!
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