可以自定义的单链表的初始化，遍历，插入，删除进行控制的c语言代码

以下是可以自定义的单链表的初始化、遍历、插入、删除进行控制的C语言代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *next;
} Node;

typedef struct list {
    int length;
    Node *head;
} List;

// 初始化链表，并返回链表头指针
List *initList() {
    List *list = (List *) malloc(sizeof(List));
    list->length = 0;
    list->head = NULL;
    return list;
}

// 输出链表的所有数据
void traverse(List *list) {
    if (list == NULL || list->head == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    Node *p = list->head;
    while (p != NULL) {
        printf("%d ", p->data);
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

// 在头部插入节点
void insertAtHead(List *list, int data) {
    Node *node = (Node *) malloc(sizeof(Node));
    node->data = data;
    node->next = NULL;

    if (list->head == NULL) {
        list->head = node;
    } else {
        node->next = list->head;
        list->head = node;
    }

    list->length++;
}

// 在尾部插入节点
void insertAtTail(List *list, int data) {
    Node *node = (Node *) malloc(sizeof(Node));
    node->data = data;
    node->next = NULL;

    if (list->head == NULL) {
        list->head = node;
    } else {
        Node *p = list->head;
        while (p->next != NULL) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        p->next = node;
    }

    list->length++;
}

// 按照索引位置插入节点
void insertAtIndex(List *list, int index, int data) {
    if (index > list->length || index < 0) {
        return;
    }

    if (index == 0) {
        insertAtHead(list, data);
        return;
    }

    if (index == list->length) {
        insertAtTail(list, data);
        return;
    }

    Node *node = (Node *) malloc(sizeof(Node));
    node->data = data;
    node->next = NULL;

    Node *p = list->head;
    Node *prev = NULL;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < index; i++) {
        prev = p;
        p = p->next;
    }
    node->next = p;
    prev->next = node;

    list->length++;
}

// 删除头节点
void deleteAtHead(List *list) {
    if (list->head == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    Node *p = list->head;
    list->head = p->next;

    free(p);
    p = NULL;

    list->length--;
}

// 删除尾节点
void deleteAtTail(List *list) {
    if (list->head == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (list->length == 1) {
        deleteAtHead(list);
        return;
    }

    Node *p = list->head;
    Node *prev = NULL;
    while (p->next != NULL) {
        prev = p;
        p = p->next;
    }
    prev->next = NULL;

    free(p);
    p = NULL;

    list->length--;
}

// 删除指定位置的节点
void deleteAtIndex(List *list, int index) {
    if (list->head == NULL || index < 0 || index >= list->length) {
        return;
    }

    if (index == 0) {
        deleteAtHead(list);
        return;
    }

    if (index == list->length - 1) {
        deleteAtTail(list);
        return;
    }

    Node *p = list->head;
    Node *prev = NULL;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < index; i++) {
        prev = p;
        p = p->next;
    }
    prev->next = p->next;

    free(p);
    p = NULL;

    list->length--;
}

int main() {
    List *list = initList();

    insertAtHead(list, 1);
    insertAtTail(list, 3);
    insertAtIndex(list, 1, 2);

    traverse(list);

    deleteAtHead(list);
    deleteAtTail(list);
    deleteAtIndex(list, 0);

    traverse(list);

    return 0;
}

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