用python制作一个贪吃蛇小游戏

好的，制作贪吃蛇小游戏需要用到 Pygame 这个库，首先需要安装它。

安装 Pygame：

pip install pygame

接下来就可以开始编写代码了，下面是贪吃蛇小游戏的代码，注释中有详细的说明：

import pygame
import random

# 初始化 Pygame
pygame.init()

# 定义窗口大小和标题
WINDOW_WIDTH = 600
WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600
WINDOW_TITLE = 'Snake Game'
WINDOW = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption(WINDOW_TITLE)

# 定义颜色
WHITE_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)
RED_COLOR = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN_COLOR = (0, 255, 0)

# 定义贪吃蛇的属性
SNAKE_SIZE = 10
SNAKE_SPEED = 15

# 定义食物的属性
FOOD_SIZE = 10
FOOD_COLOR = RED_COLOR

# 定义字体
FONT_SIZE = 30
FONT = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', FONT_SIZE)

# 定义方向
UP = 1
DOWN = 2
LEFT = 3
RIGHT = 4

# 定义游戏结束标志
GAME_OVER = False

# 定义贪吃蛇类
class Snake:
    def __init__(self):
        self.length = 1
        self.positions = [(WINDOW_WIDTH // 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2)]
        self.direction = random.choice([UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT])
        self.color = GREEN_COLOR
        self.score = 0
    
    # 贪吃蛇移动
    def move(self):
        x, y = self.positions[0]
        if self.direction == UP:
            y -= SNAKE_SPEED
        elif self.direction == DOWN:
            y += SNAKE_SPEED
        elif self.direction == LEFT:
            x -= SNAKE_SPEED
        elif self.direction == RIGHT:
            x += SNAKE_SPEED
        self.positions = [(x, y)] + self.positions[:-1]
    
    # 贪吃蛇改变方向
    def change_direction(self, direction):
        if self.direction == UP and direction == DOWN:
            return
        if self.direction == DOWN and direction == UP:
            return
        if self.direction == LEFT and direction == RIGHT:
            return
        if self.direction == RIGHT and direction == LEFT:
            return
        self.direction = direction
    
    # 贪吃蛇增加长度
    def grow(self):
        x, y = self.positions[0]
        if self.direction == UP:
            y -= SNAKE_SIZE
        elif self.direction == DOWN:
            y += SNAKE_SIZE
        elif self.direction == LEFT:
            x -= SNAKE_SIZE
        elif self.direction == RIGHT:
            x += SNAKE_SIZE
        self.length += 1
        self.score += 1
        self.positions = [(x, y)] + self.positions
    
    # 贪吃蛇绘制
    def draw(self):
        for position in self.positions:
            x, y = position
            pygame.draw.rect(WINDOW, self.color, (x, y, SNAKE_SIZE, SNAKE_SIZE))

# 定义食物类
class Food:
    def __init__(self):
        self.position = (0, 0)
        self.color = FOOD_COLOR
        self.randomize_position()
    
    # 食物随机位置
    def randomize_position(self):
        x = random.randint(0, WINDOW_WIDTH - FOOD_SIZE)
        y = random.randint(0, WINDOW_HEIGHT - FOOD_SIZE)
        self.position = (x, y)
    
    # 食物绘制
    def draw(self):
        x, y = self.position
        pygame.draw.rect(WINDOW, self.color, (x, y, FOOD_SIZE, FOOD_SIZE))

# 定义游戏主循环
def main():
    global GAME_OVER
    
    # 创建贪吃蛇和食物对象
    snake = Snake()
    food = Food()
    
    # 定义游戏时钟
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    
    # 游戏循环
    while not GAME_OVER:
        # 处理事件
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                GAME_OVER = True
                break
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    snake.change_direction(UP)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    snake.change_direction(DOWN)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    snake.change_direction(LEFT)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    snake.change_direction(RIGHT)
        
        # 贪吃蛇移动
        snake.move()
        
        # 判断是否吃到食物
        if snake.positions[0] == food.position:
            snake.grow()
            food.randomize_position()
        
        # 判断是否游戏结束
        for position in snake.positions[1:]:
            if snake.positions[0] == position:
                GAME_OVER = True
                break
        if snake.positions[0][0] < 0 or snake.positions[0][0] > WINDOW_WIDTH - SNAKE_SIZE:
            GAME_OVER = True
            break
        if snake.positions[0][1] < 0 or snake.positions[0][1] > WINDOW_HEIGHT - SNAKE_SIZE:
            GAME_OVER = True
            break
        
        # 绘制游戏界面
        WINDOW.fill(BLACK_COLOR)
        snake.draw()
        food.draw()
        score_text = FONT.render('Score: {}'.format(snake.score), True, WHITE_COLOR)
        WINDOW.blit(score_text, (10, 10))
        pygame.display.update()
        
        # 控制游戏帧率
        clock.tick(30)
    
    # 游戏结束
    game_over_text = FONT.render('Game Over', True, WHITE_COLOR)
    game_over_rect = game_over_text.get_rect()
    game_over_rect.center = (WINDOW_WIDTH // 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2)
    WINDOW.fill(BLACK_COLOR)
    WINDOW.blit(game_over_text, game_over_rect)
    pygame.display.update()
    pygame.time.wait(2000)
    
    # 退出 Pygame
    pygame.quit()

# 启动游戏
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行程序后即可开始游戏，按上下左右键控制贪吃蛇的方向，吃到食物后贪吃蛇会变长，碰到边界或自己身体时游戏结束。