以高校为基本单位进行信息存放，高校信息包括：编号、学校名称、地址、省份、建校时间等。 功能要求： 1）能够对高校信息进行维护：新建、修改、删除操作: 2）按照高校任意信息进行查询： 3）以文件形式保存相关信息，可以读取默认文件中的信息进行查询等操作。c++

以下是一个简单的实现，主要使用了结构体和文件操作。具体代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

// 定义高校信息结构体
struct College {
    int id; // 编号
    char name[50]; // 学校名称
    char address[100]; // 地址
    char province[20]; // 省份
    int buildYear; // 建校时间
};

// 新建高校信息
void addCollege(College colleges[], int &size) {
    College college;
    cout << "请输入学校编号：";
    cin >> college.id;
    cout << "请输入学校名称：";
    cin >> college.name;
    cout << "请输入学校地址：";
    cin >> college.address;
    cout << "请输入学校所在省份：";
    cin >> college.province;
    cout << "请输入学校建校时间：";
    cin >> college.buildYear;

    // 将新建的高校信息添加到数组中
    colleges[size++] = college;
    cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
}

// 修改高校信息
void modifyCollege(College colleges[], int size) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入要修改的学校编号：";
    cin >> id;

    // 查找要修改的高校信息
    int index = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (colleges[i].id == id) {
            index = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // 如果找到了要修改的高校信息
    if (index != -1) {
        College college;
        cout << "请输入学校编号：";
        cin >> college.id;
        cout << "请输入学校名称：";
        cin >> college.name;
        cout << "请输入学校地址：";
        cin >> college.address;
        cout << "请输入学校所在省份：";
        cin >> college.province;
        cout << "请输入学校建校时间：";
        cin >> college.buildYear;

        // 修改高校信息
        colleges[index] = college;
        cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "未找到要修改的学校信息！" << endl;
    }
}

// 删除高校信息
void deleteCollege(College colleges[], int &size) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入要删除的学校编号：";
    cin >> id;

    // 查找要删除的高校信息
    int index = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (colleges[i].id == id) {
            index = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // 如果找到了要删除的高校信息
    if (index != -1) {
        // 将该高校信息从数组中删除
        for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
            colleges[i] = colleges[i + 1];
        }
        size--;
        cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "未找到要删除的学校信息！" << endl;
    }
}

// 按编号查询高校信息
void queryById(College colleges[], int size) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入要查询的学校编号：";
    cin >> id;

    // 查找要查询的高校信息
    int index = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (colleges[i].id == id) {
            index = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    // 输出查询结果
    if (index != -1) {
        cout << "编号\t名称\t地址\t省份\t建校时间" << endl;
        cout << colleges[index].id << "\t" << colleges[index].name << "\t" << colleges[index].address << "\t" << colleges[index].province << "\t" << colleges[index].buildYear << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "未找到该学校信息！" << endl;
    }
}

// 按名称查询高校信息
void queryByName(College colleges[], int size) {
    char name[50];
    cout << "请输入要查询的学校名称：";
    cin >> name;

    // 输出查询结果
    cout << "编号\t名称\t地址\t省份\t建校时间" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (strcmp(colleges[i].name, name) == 0) {
            cout << colleges[i].id << "\t" << colleges[i].name << "\t" << colleges[i].address << "\t" << colleges[i].province << "\t" << colleges[i].buildYear << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 按省份查询高校信息
void queryByProvince(College colleges[], int size) {
    char province[20];
    cout << "请输入要查询的省份：";
    cin >> province;

    // 输出查询结果
    cout << "编号\t名称\t地址\t省份\t建校时间" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (strcmp(colleges[i].province, province) == 0) {
            cout << colleges[i].id << "\t" << colleges[i].name << "\t" << colleges[i].address << "\t" << colleges[i].province << "\t" << colleges[i].buildYear << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 按建校时间查询高校信息
void queryByBuildYear(College colleges[], int size) {
    int buildYear;
    cout << "请输入要查询的建校时间：";
    cin >> buildYear;

    // 输出查询结果
    cout << "编号\t名称\t地址\t省份\t建校时间" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (colleges[i].buildYear == buildYear) {
            cout << colleges[i].id << "\t" << colleges[i].name << "\t" << colleges[i].address << "\t" << colleges[i].province << "\t" << colleges[i].buildYear << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 将高校信息保存到文件中
void saveToFile(College colleges[], int size) {
    ofstream outFile("colleges.txt");
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        outFile << colleges[i].id << "," << colleges[i].name << "," << colleges[i].address << "," << colleges[i].province << "," << colleges[i].buildYear << endl;
    }
    outFile.close();
}

// 从文件中读取高校信息
int readFromFile(College colleges[]) {
    ifstream inFile("colleges.txt");
    if (!inFile) {
        return 0;
    }

    int size = 0;
    while (!inFile.eof()) {
        College college;
        inFile >> college.id;
        inFile.ignore(); // 忽略逗号
        inFile.getline(college.name, 50, ',');
        inFile.getline(college.address, 100, ',');
        inFile.getline(college.province, 20, ',');
        inFile >> college.buildYear;
        colleges[size++] = college;
    }
    inFile.close();

    return size;
}

int main() {
    College colleges[100];
    int size = readFromFile(colleges);

    while (true) {
        cout << "请选择操作：" << endl;
        cout << "1. 新建高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "2. 修改高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "3. 删除高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "4. 按编号查询高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "5. 按名称查询高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "6. 按省份查询高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "7. 按建校时间查询高校信息" << endl;
        cout << "8. 保存高校信息到文件" << endl;
        cout << "9. 退出程序" << endl;

        int choice;
        cin >> choice;

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                addCollege(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 2:
                modifyCollege(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 3:
                deleteCollege(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 4:
                queryById(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 5:
                queryByName(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 6:
                queryByProvince(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 7:
                queryByBuildYear(colleges, size);
                break;
            case 8:
                saveToFile(colleges, size);
                cout << "保存成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 9:
                return 0;
            default:
                cout << "输入有误，请重新选择！" << endl;
                break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

需要注意的是，程序中将高校信息保存到了名为“colleges.txt”的文本文件中，每行记录使用逗号分隔不同的字段。在读取文件时，程序会将每行记录按照逗号进行分割，并将分割后的结果存储到对应的结构体字段中。