(12)高校信息查询系统“基本要求:+ 以高校为基本单位进行信息存放，高校信息包括:编号、学校名称、地址、省份、建校时间等。+功能要求:+ 1》能够对高校信息进行维护:新建、修改、删除操作;“ 2)按照高校任意信息进行查询，“ 3)以文件形式保存相关信息，可以读取默认文件中的信息进行查询等操作。C++实现

以下是一个简单的C++实现，实现了高校信息的存储、增删改查和文件读写功能。具体实现可根据需求进行修改和完善。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// 高校信息结构体
struct School {
    int id;         // 编号
    string name;    // 学校名称
    string address; // 地址
    string province;// 省份
    int year;       // 建校时间

    // 构造函数
    School(int _id, string _name, string _address, string _province, int _year) {
        id = _id;
        name = _name;
        address = _address;
        province = _province;
        year = _year;
    }
};

// 保存高校信息至文件
void saveToFile(vector<School>& schools) {
    ofstream outfile("schools.txt");
    for (auto school : schools) {
        outfile << school.id << " " << school.name << " " << school.address << " "
                << school.province << " " << school.year << endl;
    }
    outfile.close();
}

// 从文件中读取高校信息
vector<School> readFromFile() {
    vector<School> schools;
    ifstream infile("schools.txt");
    int id, year;
    string name, address, province;
    while (infile >> id >> name >> address >> province >> year) {
        schools.push_back(School(id, name, address, province, year));
    }
    infile.close();
    return schools;
}

// 添加高校信息
void addSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id, year;
    string name, address, province;
    cout << "请输入高校编号: ";
    cin >> id;
    cout << "请输入高校名称: ";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "请输入高校地址: ";
    cin >> address;
    cout << "请输入高校所在省份: ";
    cin >> province;
    cout << "请输入高校建校时间: ";
    cin >> year;
    schools.push_back(School(id, name, address, province, year));
    cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
}

// 修改高校信息
void updateSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id, year;
    string name, address, province;
    cout << "请输入待修改高校编号: ";
    cin >> id;
    for (auto& school : schools) {
        if (school.id == id) {
            cout << "请输入高校名称: ";
            cin >> name;
            cout << "请输入高校地址: ";
            cin >> address;
            cout << "请输入高校所在省份: ";
            cin >> province;
            cout << "请输入高校建校时间: ";
            cin >> year;
            school.name = name;
            school.address = address;
            school.province = province;
            school.year = year;
            cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该高校信息！" << endl;
}

// 删除高校信息
void deleteSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入待删除高校编号: ";
    cin >> id;
    for (auto it = schools.begin(); it != schools.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->id == id) {
            schools.erase(it);
            cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该高校信息！" << endl;
}

// 按照编号查询高校信息
void queryById(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入待查询高校编号: ";
    cin >> id;
    for (auto school : schools) {
        if (school.id == id) {
            cout << "编号: " << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称: " << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址: " << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份: " << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校时间: " << school.year << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该高校信息！" << endl;
}

// 按照名称查询高校信息
void queryByName(vector<School>& schools) {
    string name;
    cout << "请输入待查询高校名称: ";
    cin >> name;
    for (auto school : schools) {
        if (school.name == name) {
            cout << "编号: " << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称: " << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址: " << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份: " << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校时间: " << school.year << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该高校信息！" << endl;
}

// 按照地址查询高校信息
void queryByAddress(vector<School>& schools) {
    string address;
    cout << "请输入待查询高校地址: ";
    cin >> address;
    for (auto school : schools) {
        if (school.address == address) {
            cout << "编号: " << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称: " << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址: " << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份: " << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校时间: " << school.year << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该高校信息！" << endl;
}

// 按照省份查询高校信息
void queryByProvince(vector<School>& schools) {
    string province;
    cout << "请输入待查询高校省份: ";
    cin >> province;
    for (auto school : schools) {
        if (school.province == province) {
            cout << "编号: " << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称: " << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址: " << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份: " << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校时间: " << school.year << endl;
        }
    }
    cout << "未找到该省份的高校信息！" << endl;
}

int main() {
    vector<School> schools = readFromFile();
    int choice;
    while (true) {
        cout << "请选择操作：\n";
        cout << "1.添加高校信息\n";
        cout << "2.修改高校信息\n";
        cout << "3.删除高校信息\n";
        cout << "4.按照编号查询高校信息\n";
        cout << "5.按照名称查询高校信息\n";
        cout << "6.按照地址查询高校信息\n";
        cout << "7.按照省份查询高校信息\n";
        cout << "0.退出程序\n";
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
        case 1:
            addSchool(schools);
            saveToFile(schools);
            break;
        case 2:
            updateSchool(schools);
            saveToFile(schools);
            break;
        case 3:
            deleteSchool(schools);
            saveToFile(schools);
            break;
        case 4:
            queryById(schools);
            break;
        case 5:
            queryByName(schools);
            break;
        case 6:
            queryByAddress(schools);
            break;
        case 7:
            queryByProvince(schools);
            break;
        case 0:
            return 0;
        default:
            cout << "输入无效，请重新输入！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}