python算直方图算残差算偏差的代码

以下是Python中计算直方图、残差和偏差的代码：

1. 计算直方图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 生成随机数据
data = np.random.randn(1000)

# 绘制直方图
plt.hist(data, bins=30)
plt.show()

2. 计算残差

import statsmodels.api as sm
import numpy as np

# 生成随机数据
x = np.random.randn(100)
y = 2 * x + np.random.randn(100)

# 拟合线性回归模型
model = sm.OLS(y, sm.add_constant(x))
results = model.fit()

# 计算残差
residuals = results.resid

3. 计算偏差

import numpy as np

# 生成随机数据
data = np.random.randn(100)

# 计算均值和标准差
mean = np.mean(data)
std = np.std(data)

# 计算偏差
bias = np.sum((data - mean) ** 2) / len(data)