num_hiddens, num_layers, dropout, batch_size, num_steps = 32, 2, 0.1, 64, 10 lr, num_epochs, device = 0.005, 200, d2l.try_gpu() ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads = 32, 64, 4 key_size, query_size, value_size = 32, 32, 32 norm_shape = [32] train_iter, src_vocab, tgt_vocab = d2l.load_data_nmt(batch_size, num_steps) encoder = TransformerEncoder(len(src_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads, num_layers, dropout) decoder = TransformerDecoder( len(tgt_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads, num_layers, dropout) net = d2l.EncoderDecoder(encoder, decoder) d2l.train_seq2seq(net, train_iter, lr, num_epochs, tgt_vocab, device) loss 0.032, 5679.3 tokens/sec on cuda:0 engs = [’go .’, "i lost .", ’he\’s calm .’, ’i\’m home .’] fras = [’va !’, ’j\’ai perdu .’, ’il est calme .’, ’je suis chez moi .’] for eng, fra in zip(engs, fras): translation, dec_attention_weight_seq = d2l.predict_seq2seq(net, eng, src_vocab, tgt_vocab, num_ steps, device, True) print(f’{eng} => {translation}, ’,f’bleu {d2l.bleu(translation, fra, k=2):.3f}’) go . => va !, bleu 1.000 i lost . => j’ai perdu ., bleu 1.000 he’s calm . => il est calme ., bleu 1.000 i’m home . => je suis chez moi ., bleu 1.000 enc_attention_weights = torch.cat(net.encoder.attention_weights, 0).reshape((num_layers, num_heads, -1, num_steps)) enc_attention_weights.shape torch.Size([2, 4, 10, 10])

这段代码是一个使用Transformer模型进行机器翻译的示例。首先，定义了一些超参数，例如隐藏层数量、层数、dropout率、批量大小等。然后，加载数据集并构建编码器和解码器的Transformer模型。接着，使用训练数据对模型进行训练，并输出训练过程中的损失和速度信息。最后，使用训练好的模型对一些句子进行翻译，并计算翻译结果的BLEU分数。

在最后的代码段中，展示了编码器的注意力权重的形状，它是一个四维张量，包含了编码器每个层和每个头部的注意力权重。形状为[2, 4, 10, 10]，其中2表示两个隐藏层，4表示四个注意力头部，10表示输入序列长度，10表示输出序列长度。

相关问题

num_hiddens, num_layers, dropout, batch_size, num_steps = 32, 2, 0.1, 64, 10 lr, num_epochs, device = 0.005, 200, d2l.try_gpu() ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads = 32, 64, 4 key_size, query_size, value_size = 32, 32, 32 norm_shape = [32] train_iter, src_vocab, tgt_vocab = d2l.load_data_nmt(batch_size, num_steps) encoder = TransformerEncoder(len(src_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads, num_layers, dropout) decoder = TransformerDecoder( len(tgt_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads, num_layers, dropout) net = d2l.EncoderDecoder(encoder, decoder) d2l.train_seq2seq(net, train_iter, lr, num_epochs, tgt_vocab, device) loss 0.032, 5679.3 tokens/sec on cuda:0

这段代码是用于训练一个基于Transformer模型的序列到序列（seq2seq）的机器翻译网络。首先，定义了一些超参数，例如隐藏层的维度、层数、dropout率、批量大小和时间步数等。接着，使用`d2l.load_data_nmt`函数加载机器翻译数据集，并构建编码器和解码器的Transformer模型。然后，创建一个`EncoderDecoder`对象，将编码器和解码器传递给它。

接下来，调用`d2l.train_seq2seq`函数对模型进行训练。该函数会迭代训练数据集，并根据指定的学习率、训练轮数和目标词汇表对模型进行训练。最后，输出训练过程中的损失和每秒处理的标记数量。

根据输出信息可知，训练过程中的损失为0.032，处理速度为5679.3个标记/秒，在使用GPU设备(cuda:0)进行训练。

以下代码出现input depth must be evenly divisible by filter depth: 1 vs 3错误是为什么，代码应该怎么改import tensorflow as tf from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D from keras.optimizers import SGD from keras.utils import np_utils from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16 import numpy # 加载FER2013数据集 with open('E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/fer2013.csv') as f: content = f.readlines() lines = numpy.array(content) num_of_instances = lines.size print("Number of instances: ", num_of_instances) # 定义X和Y X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test = [], [], [], [] # 按行分割数据 for i in range(1, num_of_instances): try: emotion, img, usage = lines[i].split(",") val = img.split(" ") pixels = numpy.array(val, 'float32') emotion = np_utils.to_categorical(emotion, 7) if 'Training' in usage: X_train.append(pixels) y_train.append(emotion) elif 'PublicTest' in usage: X_test.append(pixels) y_test.append(emotion) finally: print("", end="") # 转换成numpy数组 X_train = numpy.array(X_train, 'float32') y_train = numpy.array(y_train, 'float32') X_test = numpy.array(X_test, 'float32') y_test = numpy.array(y_test, 'float32') # 数据预处理 X_train /= 255 X_test /= 255 X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) # 定义VGG16模型 vgg16_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(48, 48, 3)) # 微调模型 model = Sequential() model.add(vgg16_model) model.add(Flatten()) model.add(Dense(256, activation='relu')) model.add(Dropout(0.5)) model.add(Dense(7, activation='softmax')) for layer in model.layers[:1]: layer.trainable = False # 定义优化器和损失函数 sgd = SGD(lr=0.01, decay=1e-6, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True) model.compile(optimizer=sgd, loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) # 数据增强 datagen = ImageDataGenerator( featurewise_center=False, featurewise_std_normalization=False, rotation_range=20, width_shift_range=0.2, height_shift_range=0.2, horizontal_flip=True) datagen.fit(X_train) # 训练模型 model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=32), steps_per_epoch=len(X_train) / 32, epochs=10) # 评估模型 score = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, batch_size=32) print("Test Loss:", score[0]) print("Test Accuracy:", score[1])

这个错误是由于卷积层(Conv2D)中的过滤器深度与输入张量深度不匹配导致的。在这个例子中，过滤器深度(filter depth)是3，但是输入张量(input depth)的深度是1，无法整除，因此出现错误。为了解决这个问题，我们需要用一个输入深度能够被过滤器深度整除的模型输入数据。

代码改动可以通过如下方式完成：

1. 修改模型输入数据的维度，以匹配过滤器深度的要求。

2. 转换输入数据的颜色通道，以生成一个3个通道的输入张量。

下面是一个修改后的代码示例：

import tensorflow as tf
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras.optimizers import SGD
from keras.utils import np_utils
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16
import numpy as np

# 修改输入数据的维度
img_rows, img_cols = 32, 32
input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, 3)

# 载入数据集
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.cifar10.load_data()

# 将数据转换为浮点数类型
x_train = x_train.astype('float32')
x_test = x_test.astype('float32')

# 将像素值归一化到[0, 1]
x_train /= 255
x_test /= 255

# 将类向量转换为二进制类矩阵
num_classes = 10
y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
y_test = np_utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)

# 生成并优化模型
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.25))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))

sgd = SGD(lr=0.01, decay=1e-6, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True)
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
optimizer=sgd,
metrics=['accuracy'])

# 在训练数据上生成扩增的数据
batch_size = 100
epochs = 5

datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
featurewise_center=False, # 将输入数据集按均值去中心化
samplewise_center=False, # 将每个样本按均值去中心化
featurewise_std_normalization=False, # 将输入数据除以数据集的标准差
samplewise_std_normalization=False, # 将每个样本除以自身的标准差
zca_whitening=False, # ZCA白化
rotation_range=0, # 随机旋转图像范围
width_shift_range=0.1, # 随机水平移动图像范围
height_shift_range=0.1, # 随机垂直移动图像范围
horizontal_flip=True, # 随机翻转图像
vertical_flip=False # # 随机翻转图像
)

datagen.fit(x_train)

model.fit(datagen.flow(x_train, y_train,
batch_size=batch_size),
epochs=epochs,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
steps_per_epoch=x_train.shape[0] // batch_size)

# 输出模型的准确率
scores = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=1)
print('Test loss:', scores[0])
print('Test accuracy:', scores[1])