python编写bp算法解决鸢尾花
时间: 2024-01-05 17:00:18 浏览: 85
基于Python实现BP神经网络对鸢尾花的分类算法
鸢尾花是一个常用的机器学习分类问题,而BP神经网络是一种常用的分类算法。下面是一个用Python编写的BP算法解决鸢尾花分类问题的示例:
首先,我们需要导入必要的模块,如numpy和pandas:
```python
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
```
然后,我们读取鸢尾花的数据集,可以使用pandas的read_csv函数:
```python
data = pd.read_csv('iris.csv')
```
接下来,我们将数据集分为特征和标签,特征为花萼长度、花萼宽度、花瓣长度和花瓣宽度,而标签为鸢尾花的类别:
```python
features = data.iloc[:, 0:4].values
labels = data.iloc[:, 4].values
```
然后,我们将标签进行独热编码,将其转化为向量的形式:
```python
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
encoder = LabelEncoder()
labels = encoder.fit_transform(labels)
```
接下来,我们需要将数据集划分为训练集和测试集,可以使用train_test_split函数:
```python
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(features, labels, test_size=0.2)
```
然后,我们需要定义神经网络的结构和参数:
```python
input_size = 4
hidden_size = 6
output_size = 3
learning_rate = 0.1
epochs = 1000
```
接下来,我们可以开始构建神经网络模型:
```python
class NeuralNetwork:
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):
self.input_size = input_size
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.output_size = output_size
self.W1 = np.random.randn(self.input_size, self.hidden_size)
self.W2 = np.random.randn(self.hidden_size, self.output_size)
def forward(self, X):
self.z = np.dot(X, self.W1)
self.z2 = self.sigmoid(self.z)
self.z3 = np.dot(self.z2, self.W2)
self.output = self.sigmoid(self.z3)
def sigmoid(self, s):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-s))
def sigmoid_derivative(self, s):
return s * (1 - s)
def backward(self, X, y):
self.error = y - self.output
self.delta = self.error * self.sigmoid_derivative(self.output)
self.W2 += np.dot(self.z2.T, self.delta)
self.delta2 = np.dot(self.delta, self.W2.T) * self.sigmoid_derivative(self.z2)
self.W1 += np.dot(X.T, self.delta2)
def train(self, X, y):
self.forward(X)
self.backward(X, y)
def predict(self, X):
self.forward(X)
return np.argmax(self.output, axis=1)
```
最后,我们可以训练并测试神经网络模型:
```python
np.random.seed(0)
model = NeuralNetwork(input_size, hidden_size, output_size)
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print("准确率:", accuracy)
```
通过以上步骤,我们就完成了用Python编写BP算法解决鸢尾花分类问题的过程。
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