theta = np.random.randn(2,1)

根据提供的引用内容，theta = np.random.randn(2,1)是一个使用NumPy库生成一个2行1列的随机数组的Python代码。其中，np.random.randn()函数返回一个或多个样本，具有标准正态分布。这意味着生成的随机数遵循正态分布，均值为0，标准差为1。

下面是一个示例代码，展示如何使用theta = np.random.randn(2,1)生成随机数组：

import numpy as np

theta = np.random.randn(2,1)
print(theta)

输出：

[[-0.12345678]
 [ 1.23456789]]

相关问题

翻译这段程序并自行赋值调用：import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import sklearn import sklearn.datasets import sklearn.linear_model def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y): # Set min and max values and give it some padding x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1 y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1 h = 0.01 # Generate a grid of points with distance h between them xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h)) # Predict the function value for the whole grid Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]) Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape) # Plot the contour and training examples plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) plt.ylabel('x2') plt.xlabel('x1') plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral) def sigmoid(x): s = 1/(1+np.exp(-x)) return s def load_planar_dataset(): np.random.seed(1) m = 400 # number of examples N = int(m/2) # number of points per class print(np.random.randn(N)) D = 2 # dimensionality X = np.zeros((m,D)) # data matrix where each row is a single example Y = np.zeros((m,1), dtype='uint8') # labels vector (0 for red, 1 for blue) a = 4 # maximum ray of the flower for j in range(2): ix = range(Nj,N(j+1)) t = np.linspace(j3.12,(j+1)3.12,N) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # theta r = anp.sin(4t) + np.random.randn(N)0.2 # radius X[ix] = np.c_[rnp.sin(t), rnp.cos(t)] Y[ix] = j X = X.T Y = Y.T return X, Y def load_extra_datasets(): N = 200 noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3) noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2) blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6) gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None) no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2) return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure

这段程序是一个分类模型的辅助函数，包括了绘制决策边界、sigmoid函数和加载数据集的函数。具体实现如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sklearn
import sklearn.datasets
import sklearn.linear_model

def plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y):
    # 设置最小值和最大值，并给它们一些填充
    x_min, x_max = X[0, :].min() - 1, X[0, :].max() + 1
    y_min, y_max = X[1, :].min() - 1, X[1, :].max() + 1
    h = 0.01

    # 生成一个网格，网格中点的距离为h
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))

    # 对整个网格预测函数值
    Z = model(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

    # 绘制轮廓和训练样本
    plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)
    plt.ylabel('x2')
    plt.xlabel('x1')
    plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)

def sigmoid(x):
    s = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))
    return s

def load_planar_dataset():
    np.random.seed(1)
    m = 400  # 样本数量
    N = int(m / 2)  # 每个类的样本数量

    # 生成数据集
    D = 2  # 特征维度
    X = np.zeros((m, D))  # 特征矩阵
    Y = np.zeros((m, 1), dtype='uint8')  # 标签向量

    a = 4  # 花的最大半径

    for j in range(2):
        ix = range(N*j, N*(j+1))
        t = np.linspace(j*3.12, (j+1)*3.12, N) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2  # theta
        r = a*np.sin(4*t) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2  # radius
        X[ix] = np.c_[r*np.sin(t), r*np.cos(t)]
        Y[ix] = j

    X = X.T
    Y = Y.T

    return X, Y

def load_extra_datasets():
    N = 200
    noisy_circles = sklearn.datasets.make_circles(n_samples=N, factor=.5, noise=.3)
    noisy_moons = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=N, noise=.2)
    blobs = sklearn.datasets.make_blobs(n_samples=N, random_state=5, n_features=2, centers=6)
    gaussian_quantiles = sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles(mean=None, cov=0.5, n_samples=N, n_features=2, n_classes=2, shuffle=True, random_state=None)
    no_structure = np.random.rand(N, 2), np.random.rand(N, 2)

    return noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure

这段程序中包含了以下函数：

- `plot_decision_boundary(model, X, y)`：绘制分类模型的决策边界，其中`model`是分类模型，`X`是特征矩阵，`y`是标签向量。
- `sigmoid(x)`：实现sigmoid函数。
- `load_planar_dataset()`：加载一个二维的花瓣数据集。
- `load_extra_datasets()`：加载五个其他数据集。

优化这段pythonimport numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import math # 待测信号 freq = 17.77777 # 信号频率 t = np.linspace(0, 0.2, 1001) Omega =2 * np.pi * freq phi = np.pi A=1 x = A * np.sin(Omega * t + phi) # 加入噪声 noise = 0.2 * np.random.randn(len(t)) x_noise = x + noise # 参考信号 ref0_freq = 17.77777 # 参考信号频率 ref0_Omega =2 * np.pi * ref0_freq ref_0 = 2np.sin(ref0_Omega * t) # 参考信号90°相移信号 ref1_freq = 17.77777 # 参考信号频率 ref1_Omega =2 * np.pi * ref1_freq ref_1 = 2np.cos(ref1_Omega * t) # 混频信号 signal_0 = x_noise * ref_0 signal_1 = x_noise * ref_1 # 绘图 plt.figure(figsize=(13,4)) plt.subplot(2,3,1) plt.plot(t, x_noise) plt.title('input signal', fontsize=13) plt.subplot(2,3,2) plt.plot(t, ref_0) plt.title('reference signal', fontsize=13) plt.subplot(2,3,3) plt.plot(t, ref_1) plt.title('phase-shifted by 90°', fontsize=13) plt.subplot(2,3,4) plt.plot(t, signal_0) plt.title('mixed signal_1', fontsize=13) plt.subplot(2,3,5) plt.plot(t, signal_1) plt.title('mixed signal_2', fontsize=13) plt.tight_layout() # 计算平均值 X = np.mean(signal_0) Y = np.mean(signal_1) print("X=",X) print("Y=",Y) # 计算振幅和相位 X_square =X2 Y_square =Y2 sum_of_squares = X_square + Y_square result = np.sqrt(sum_of_squares) Theta = np.arctan2(Y, X) print("R=", result) print("Theta=", Theta)，把输入信号部分整理成函数：输入参数为t_vec,A,phi,noise;锁相测量部分也整理成代码，输入待测周期信号，以及频率freq,输出为A,phi,不用绘图

优化建议：
1. 可以将绘图部分注释掉，避免在计算时浪费时间和资源。
2. 可以将计算部分整合成一个函数，并返回锁相测量结果，方便后续调用和处理。

修改后的代码如下：

import numpy as np
import math

def lock_in_measurement(t_vec, A, phi, noise, freq):
    # 生成待测信号
    Omega = 2 * np.pi * freq
    x = A * np.sin(Omega * t_vec + phi)
    x_noise = x + noise

    # 生成参考信号
    ref0_Omega = 2 * np.pi * freq
    ref_0 = 2 * np.sin(ref0_Omega * t_vec)
    ref1_Omega = 2 * np.pi * freq
    ref_1 = 2 * np.cos(ref1_Omega * t_vec)

    # 混频信号
    signal_0 = x_noise * ref_0
    signal_1 = x_noise * ref_1

    # 计算平均值
    X = np.mean(signal_0)
    Y = np.mean(signal_1)

    # 计算振幅和相位
    X_square = X ** 2
    Y_square = Y ** 2
    sum_of_squares = X_square + Y_square
    result = np.sqrt(sum_of_squares)
    Theta = np.arctan2(Y, X)

    return result, Theta

使用方法示例：

t = np.linspace(0, 0.2, 1001)
A = 1
phi = np.pi
noise = 0.2 * np.random.randn(len(t))
freq = 17.77777

result, Theta = lock_in_measurement(t, A, phi, noise, freq)

print("R=", result)
print("Theta=", Theta)