运用C++语言描述书籍类、图书类型类、图书类。设计基类和派生类。要求设计具有继承与派生以及多态性的类。帮我编写一个图书管理系统，具有这些功能： 1.建立书籍类、图书类型类、图书类 2.书籍、图书类型、图书信息的初始化 3.书籍、图书类型、图书信息的添加、修改、删除、查找 4.图书信息的输出 5.对图书信息按编号、书名排序 6.将图书信息保存为文件 7.读入文件信息

好的，我会根据你的要求编写一个C++的图书管理系统。首先，我们来设计基类和派生类：

// 书籍类
class Book {
public:
    Book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id);
    int get_id();
    std::string get_name();
    std::string get_author();
    std::string get_publisher();
    int get_year();
    int get_type_id();
protected:
    int id_; // 书籍编号
    std::string name_; // 书籍名称
    std::string author_; // 作者
    std::string publisher_; // 出版社
    int year_; // 出版年份
    int type_id_; // 图书类型编号
};

// 图书类型类
class BookType {
public:
    BookType(int id, std::string name);
    int get_id();
    std::string get_name();
protected:
    int id_; // 图书类型编号
    std::string name_; // 图书类型名称
};

// 图书类
class Library {
public:
    Library();
    ~Library();
    void add_book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id);
    void delete_book(int id);
    void modify_book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id);
    Book* find_book(int id);
    void sort_by_id();
    void sort_by_name();
    void output_books();
    void save_to_file(std::string file_name);
    void read_from_file(std::string file_name);
private:
    std::vector<Book*> books_; // 存储书籍的容器
    std::vector<BookType*> types_; // 存储图书类型的容器
};

接下来，我们来实现这些类的具体功能：

// 书籍类实现
Book::Book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id) {
    id_ = id;
    name_ = name;
    author_ = author;
    publisher_ = publisher;
    year_ = year;
    type_id_ = type_id;
}

int Book::get_id() {
    return id_;
}

std::string Book::get_name() {
    return name_;
}

std::string Book::get_author() {
    return author_;
}

std::string Book::get_publisher() {
    return publisher_;
}

int Book::get_year() {
    return year_;
}

int Book::get_type_id() {
    return type_id_;
}

// 图书类型类实现
BookType::BookType(int id, std::string name) {
    id_ = id;
    name_ = name;
}

int BookType::get_id() {
    return id_;
}

std::string BookType::get_name() {
    return name_;
}

// 图书类实现
Library::Library() {}

Library::~Library() {
    for (auto book : books_) {
        delete book;
    }
    for (auto type : types_) {
        delete type;
    }
}

void Library::add_book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id) {
    // 检查书籍是否已经存在
    for (auto book : books_) {
        if (book->get_id() == id) {
            std::cout << "该书籍已经存在" << std::endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    // 检查图书类型是否已经存在
    bool type_exist = false;
    for (auto type : types_) {
        if (type->get_id() == type_id) {
            type_exist = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!type_exist) {
        std::cout << "图书类型不存在" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    // 添加新书籍
    Book* book = new Book(id, name, author, publisher, year, type_id);
    books_.push_back(book);
}

void Library::delete_book(int id) {
    for (auto it = books_.begin(); it != books_.end(); ++it) {
        if ((*it)->get_id() == id) {
            delete *it;
            books_.erase(it);
            return;
        }
    }
    std::cout << "该书籍不存在" << std::endl;
}

void Library::modify_book(int id, std::string name, std::string author, std::string publisher, int year, int type_id) {
    for (auto book : books_) {
        if (book->get_id() == id) {
            book->name_ = name;
            book->author_ = author;
            book->publisher_ = publisher;
            book->year_ = year;
            book->type_id_ = type_id;
            return;
        }
    }
    std::cout << "该书籍不存在" << std::endl;
}

Book* Library::find_book(int id) {
    for (auto book : books_) {
        if (book->get_id() == id) {
            return book;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

void Library::sort_by_id() {
    std::sort(books_.begin(), books_.end(), [](Book* a, Book* b) {
        return a->get_id() < b->get_id();
    });
}

void Library::sort_by_name() {
    std::sort(books_.begin(), books_.end(), [](Book* a, Book* b) {
        return a->get_name() < b->get_name();
    });
}

void Library::output_books() {
    for (auto book : books_) {
        std::cout << "编号：" << book->get_id() << " 书名：" << book->get_name() << " 作者：" << book->get_author() << " 出版社：" << book->get_publisher() << " 出版年份：" << book->get_year() << " 类型编号：" << book->get_type_id() << std::endl;
    }
}

void Library::save_to_file(std::string file_name) {
    std::ofstream out(file_name);
    for (auto book : books_) {
        out << book->get_id() << " " << book->get_name() << " " << book->get_author() << " " << book->get_publisher() << " " << book->get_year() << " " << book->get_type_id() << std::endl;
    }
    out.close();
}

void Library::read_from_file(std::string file_name) {
    std::ifstream in(file_name);
    if (!in.is_open()) {
        std::cout << "打开文件失败" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    int id, year, type_id;
    std::string name, author, publisher;
    while (in >> id >> name >> author >> publisher >> year >> type_id) {
        add_book(id, name, author, publisher, year, type_id);
    }
    in.close();
}

最后，我们来编写一个main函数，测试图书管理系统的功能：

int main() {
    Library lib;
    lib.add_book(1001, "C++ Primer", "Lippman", "机械工业出版社", 2005, 1);
    lib.add_book(1002, "STL源码剖析", "侯捷", "电子工业出版社", 2006, 1);
    lib.add_book(1003, "数据结构与算法分析", "Weiss", "清华大学出版社", 2012, 2);
    lib.add_book(1004, "计算机网络", "谢希仁", "电子工业出版社", 2013, 3);
    lib.add_book(1005, "深入理解计算机系统", "Bryant", "机械工业出版社", 2006, 4);

    std::cout << "按编号排序：" << std::endl;
    lib.sort_by_id();
    lib.output_books();

    std::cout << "按书名排序：" << std::endl;
    lib.sort_by_name();
    lib.output_books();

    std::cout << "删除编号为1003的书籍" << std::endl;
    lib.delete_book(1003);

    std::cout << "修改编号为1002的书籍信息" << std::endl;
    lib.modify_book(1002, "STL源码剖析", "侯捷", "清华大学出版社", 2006, 2);

    std::cout << "查找编号为1001的书籍信息" << std::endl;
    Book* book = lib.find_book(1001);
    if (book) {
        std::cout << "编号：" << book->get_id() << " 书名：" << book->get_name() << " 作者：" << book->get_author() << " 出版社：" << book->get_publisher() << " 出版年份：" << book->get_year() << " 类型编号：" << book->get_type_id() << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "该书籍不存在" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "保存图书信息到文件book.txt" << std::endl;
    lib.save_to_file("book.txt");

    std::cout << "从文件book.txt读入图书信息" << std::endl;
    lib.read_from_file("book.txt");

    return 0;
}

这样，一个简单的图书管理系统就完成了。