12306抢票脚本 python

抢票脚本存在法律风险和道德问题，不建议使用。以下是一个简单的 Python 抢票脚本示例，仅供参考：

import time
import requests

# 车次，从左到右依次为高铁/动车，高级软卧，其他软卧，硬卧，软座，硬座
train = ['G100', 'M11', 'K512', 'Z300', 'A987', 'O789']

# 出发日期
date = '2021-01-01'

# 出发地和目的地
from_station = '北京'
to_station = '上海'

# 乘客姓名和证件号码
passenger_name = '张三'
passenger_id = '123456789012345678'

# 登录后获取的cookie
cookie = 'xxxxxx'

# 请求头
headers = {
    'Cookie': cookie,
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36'
}

# 查询余票
def query_ticket():
    global train, date, from_station, to_station, headers
    url = f'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={date}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={from_station}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={to_station}&purpose_codes=ADULT'
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    data = response.json()['data']['result']
    for i in data:
        info = i.split('|')
        if info[3] in train and info[-4] != '无' and info[-4] != '0':
            return info
    return None

# 提交订单
def submit_order():
    global headers
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest'
    data = {
        'secretStr': secret_str,
        'train_date': date,
        'back_train_date': date,
        'tour_flag': 'dc',
        'purpose_codes': 'ADULT',
        'query_from_station_name': from_station,
        'query_to_station_name': to_station,
        'undefined': ''
    }
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
    if response.json()['status']:
        return True
    return False

# 获取乘客信息
def get_passenger():
    global headers
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs'
    data = {
        '_json_att': '',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': token
    }
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
    data = response.json()['data']['normal_passengers']
    for i in data:
        if i['passenger_name'] == passenger_name and i['passenger_id_no'] == passenger_id:
            return i['passenger_id_type_code'], i['passenger_id_no'], i['passenger_name'], i['mobile_no']
    return None

# 获取令牌和密钥
def get_token():
    global headers
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc'
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    html = response.text
    token = html.split("globalRepeatSubmitToken = '")[1].split("'")[0]
    key_check_is_change = html.split("key_check_isChange':'")[1].split("'")[0]
    return token, key_check_is_change

# 获取座位信息
def get_seat():
    global headers, seat_type
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount'
    data = {
        '_json_att': '',
        'fromStationTelecode': from_station_code,
        'leftTicket': left_ticket,
        'purpose_codes': 'ADULT',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': token,
        'seatType': seat_type,
        'stationTrainCode': train_code,
        'toStationTelecode': to_station_code,
        'train_date': date,
        'train_location': train_location,
        'train_no': train_no,
        'trainPassType': 'QB',
        'trainStartDate': date
    }
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
    data = response.json()['data']
    if data['ticket'] == '0' or data['countT'] == '0':
        return False
    return True

# 提交订单信息
def confirm_order():
    global headers, passenger_info, seat_type, token, key_check_is_change
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue'
    data = {
        'passengerTicketStr': f'{seat_type},0,1,{passenger_info},N',
        'oldPassengerStr': f'{passenger_name},{passenger_id},{passenger_type_code}_',
        'randCode': '',
        'purpose_codes': 'ADULT',
        'key_check_isChange': key_check_is_change,
        'leftTicketStr': left_ticket,
        'train_location': train_location,
        'choose_seats': '',
        'seatDetailType': '000',
        'whatsSelect': '1',
        'roomType': '00',
        'dwAll': 'N',
        '_json_att': '',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': token
    }
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
    if response.json()['data']['submitStatus']:
        return True
    return False

# 获取车站代码
def get_station_code():
    global headers, from_station, to_station, from_station_code, to_station_code
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9102'
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    data = response.text.split('@')
    for i in data:
        if from_station in i:
            from_station_code = i.split('|')[2]
        elif to_station in i:
            to_station_code = i.split('|')[2]

# 主函数
def main():
    global seat_type, train_code, train_no, left_ticket, train_location, passenger_type_code, passenger_info, token, key_check_is_change
    while True:
        print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 正在查询余票...')
        info = query_ticket()
        if info:
            print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 有余票，正在提交订单...')
            train_code, _, _, _, _, _, _, train_no, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, left_ticket, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, train_location, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, seat_type, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, passenger_type_code, passenger_info = info
            get_station_code()
            token, key_check_is_change = get_token()
            if submit_order():
                if get_passenger():
                    if get_seat():
                        if confirm_order():
                            print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 订票成功，请及时支付！')
                            return
                        else:
                            print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 订票失败，重新提交订单...')
                    else:
                        print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 座位不足，重新提交订单...')
                else:
                    print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 乘客信息错误，重新提交订单...')
            else:
                print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 提交订单失败，重新提交订单...')
        else:
            print(f'{time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} 暂无余票，继续查询...')
        time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

该脚本的使用方式如下：

1. 将代码保存为 `12306.py` 文件；
2. 修改 `train`、`date`、`from_station`、`to_station`、`passenger_name`、`passenger_id`、`cookie` 等变量为实际情况；
3. 在终端中执行 `python 12306.py` 命令启动脚本。

需要注意的是，该脚本仅供学习参考，不得用于商业用途和非法用途。同时，12306 网站反爬虫机制较为严格，如果频繁提交订单会被网站封禁账号。