c++建立优先队列,将数字依次入队
时间: 2024-05-09 16:20:15 浏览: 66
可以使用堆来实现优先队列。以大根堆为例,堆中的每个元素都比其子节点大,堆顶元素即为优先级最高的元素。
1. 建立一个空的堆。
2. 将数字依次插入堆中。
3. 每次插入后,如果插入的元素比其父节点大,则交换它们的位置,直到满足堆的性质。
4. 重复步骤2和3,直到所有数字都插入堆中。
以下是Python代码示例:
```python
import heapq
# 建立一个空的堆
heap = []
# 将数字依次插入堆中
nums = [5, 3, 8, 4, 2]
for num in nums:
heapq.heappush(heap, -num) # 在堆中插入相反数,实现大根堆
# 依次弹出堆顶元素,即为优先级最高的元素
while heap:
print(-heapq.heappop(heap))
```
输出结果为:
```
8
5
4
3
2
```
相关问题
用c++写代码(1)栈的顺序实现:建立一个容量为5的栈,将a,b,c,d,e依次入栈,输出栈中所有元素;进行两次出栈操作并输出出栈元素;输出当前栈顶元素; (2)栈的链式实现:建立一个链栈,依次将a,b,c,d入栈;出栈并输出出栈结点数据域的值;将f入栈;输出当前链栈中各结点的数据域的值; (3)队列的顺序实现:建立一个容量为5的循环队列,将a,b,c,d,e依次入队;进行三次出队操作,并输出出队元素;将f,g,h入队;输出当前队列中所有元素; (4)队列的链式实现:建立一个链式队列,将a,b,c入队;进行两次出队操作并输出出队元素;将d,e入队,输出当前队列中所有元素。
好的,下面是你所需的代码实现:
(1)栈的顺序实现:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_SIZE = 5;
class Stack {
private:
int data[MAX_SIZE];
int top;
public:
Stack() {
top = -1;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return top == -1;
}
bool isFull() {
return top == MAX_SIZE - 1;
}
void push(int element) {
if (isFull()) {
cout << "Stack is full. Cannot push element." << endl;
return;
}
data[++top] = element;
}
int pop() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Stack is empty. Cannot pop element." << endl;
return -1;
}
return data[top--];
}
int peek() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Stack is empty. No top element." << endl;
return -1;
}
return data[top];
}
void display() {
cout << "Stack elements: ";
for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++) {
cout << data[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Stack stack;
stack.push('a');
stack.push('b');
stack.push('c');
stack.push('d');
stack.push('e');
stack.display();
cout << "Popped element: " << stack.pop() << endl;
cout << "Popped element: " << stack.pop() << endl;
cout << "Current top element: " << stack.peek() << endl;
return 0;
}
```
(2)栈的链式实现:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Node {
public:
char data;
Node* next;
Node(char element) {
data = element;
next = nullptr;
}
};
class Stack {
private:
Node* top;
public:
Stack() {
top = nullptr;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return top == nullptr;
}
void push(char element) {
Node* newNode = new Node(element);
newNode->next = top;
top = newNode;
}
char pop() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Stack is empty. Cannot pop element." << endl;
return '\0';
}
char poppedElement = top->data;
Node* temp = top;
top = top->next;
delete temp;
return poppedElement;
}
void display() {
cout << "Stack elements: ";
Node* temp = top;
while (temp != nullptr) {
cout << temp->data << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Stack stack;
stack.push('a');
stack.push('b');
stack.push('c');
stack.push('d');
stack.display();
cout << "Popped element: " << stack.pop() << endl;
stack.push('f');
stack.display();
return 0;
}
```
(3)队列的顺序实现:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_SIZE = 5;
class Queue {
private:
int data[MAX_SIZE];
int front, rear;
public:
Queue() {
front = rear = -1;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return front == -1;
}
bool isFull() {
return (rear + 1) % MAX_SIZE == front;
}
void enqueue(char element) {
if (isFull()) {
cout << "Queue is full. Cannot enqueue element." << endl;
return;
}
if (isEmpty()) {
front = rear = 0;
}
else {
rear = (rear + 1) % MAX_SIZE;
}
data[rear] = element;
}
char dequeue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Queue is empty. Cannot dequeue element." << endl;
return '\0';
}
char dequeuedElement = data[front];
if (front == rear) {
front = rear = -1;
}
else {
front = (front + 1) % MAX_SIZE;
}
return dequeuedElement;
}
void display() {
cout << "Queue elements: ";
int i = front;
while (i != rear) {
cout << data[i] << " ";
i = (i + 1) % MAX_SIZE;
}
cout << data[rear] << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Queue queue;
queue.enqueue('a');
queue.enqueue('b');
queue.enqueue('c');
queue.enqueue('d');
queue.enqueue('e');
queue.display();
cout << "Dequeued element: " << queue.dequeue() << endl;
cout << "Dequeued element: " << queue.dequeue() << endl;
cout << "Dequeued element: " << queue.dequeue() << endl;
queue.enqueue('f');
queue.enqueue('g');
queue.enqueue('h');
queue.display();
return 0;
}
```
(4)队列的链式实现:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Node {
public:
char data;
Node* next;
Node(char element) {
data = element;
next = nullptr;
}
};
class Queue {
private:
Node* front;
Node* rear;
public:
Queue() {
front = rear = nullptr;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return front == nullptr;
}
void enqueue(char element) {
Node* newNode = new Node(element);
if (isEmpty()) {
front = rear = newNode;
}
else {
rear->next = newNode;
rear = newNode;
}
}
char dequeue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
cout << "Queue is empty. Cannot dequeue element." << endl;
return '\0';
}
char dequeuedElement = front->data;
Node* temp = front;
front = front->next;
delete temp;
if (front == nullptr) {
rear = nullptr;
}
return dequeuedElement;
}
void display() {
cout << "Queue elements: ";
Node* temp = front;
while (temp != nullptr) {
cout << temp->data << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Queue queue;
queue.enqueue('a');
queue.enqueue('b');
queue.enqueue('c');
queue.display();
cout << "Dequeued element: " << queue.dequeue() << endl;
cout << "Dequeued element: " << queue.dequeue() << endl;
queue.enqueue('d');
queue.enqueue('e');
queue.display();
return 0;
}
```
希望对你有所帮助!如果有任何问题,请随时提问。
C++ 建立一个空队列,编写入队函数,随机产生10个100以内的整数,并按输入循环依次入队,编写出队函数,从键盘输入出队元素个数n(n<10),将n个元素出队后显示队中数据结果,考虑判断队空情况,编写取队头元素函数,若队不为空,则取队头元素显示;否则提示队空。
你好!听懂您的问题了。下面是解答:
首先,我们需要定义一个队列结构体,包括队头和队尾以及队列元素数组,具体代码如下:
```
typedef struct {
int front; // 队头指针
int rear; // 队尾指针
int data[10]; // 队列元素数组
} Queue;
```
然后,我们定义以下三个函数:
1. 初始化队列函数init\_queue,将队头和队尾指针都置为-1。
2. 入队函数enqueue,将元素插入队尾,并更新rear指针。
3. 出队函数dequeue,从队头开始按次序将元素出队,并更新front指针。
另外,我们还需要编写一个函数isEmpty,用于判断队列是否为空。如果队头指针和队尾指针都为-1,则说明队列为空。
下面是完整代码实现:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
typedef struct {
int front; // 队头指针
int rear; // 队尾指针
int data[10]; // 队列元素数组
} Queue;
void init_queue(Queue *q) {
q->front = q->rear = -1;
}
void enqueue(Queue *q, int value) {
q->rear++;
q->data[q->rear] = value;
}
int isEmpty(Queue *q) {
if (q->front == -1 && q->rear == -1)
return 1;
return 0;
}
int dequeue(Queue *q, int n) {
int i, val;
if (isEmpty(q)) {
printf("队列为空!\n");
return -1;
}
if (n > q->rear - q->front + 1) {
printf("出队元素个数超过队列元素个数!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("出队的元素为:");
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
q->front++;
val = q->data[q->front];
printf("%d ", val);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int getFront(Queue *q) {
if (isEmpty(q)) {
printf("队列为空!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("队头元素为:%d\n", q->data[q->front]);
return 0;
}
int main() {
Queue q;
int i, n, val;
srand(time(NULL)); // 初始化随机数种子
// 初始化队列
init_queue(&q);
// 将10个100以内的整数随机入队
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
val = rand() % 100;
enqueue(&q, val);
}
// 显示队列中的数据
printf("队列中的数据为:");
for (i = q.front + 1; i <= q.rear; i++) {
printf("%d ", q.data[i]);
}
printf("\n");
// 出队
printf("请输入要出队的元素个数(n<10):");
scanf("%d", &n);
dequeue(&q, n);
// 取队头元素
getFront(&q);
return 0;
}
```
希望这个代码可以帮到您,如果还有什么问题,可以随时问我。
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