用c++用广义表写代码本科生导师制问题 问题描述:在高校的教学改革中,有很多学校实行了本科生导师制。一个班级的学生被分给几个老师,每个老师带领n个学生,如果老师还带研究生,那么研究生也可直接负责本科生。 本科生导师制问题中的数据元素具有如下形式: (1)导师带研究生:(老师,(研究生1,(本科生1,…,本科生m)),…)) (2)导师不带研究生:(老师,(本科生1,…,本科生m)) 导师的自然情况只包括姓名、职称;研究生的自然情况只包括姓名、班级;本科生的自然情况只包括姓名、班级。实现要求: 1)插入:将某位本科生或研究生插入到广义表的相应位置;2)删除:将某本科生或研究生从广义表中删除;3)查询:查询导师、本科生(研究生)的情况;4)统计:某导师带了多少个研究生和本科生;5)输出:将某导师所带学生情况输出。
时间: 2024-03-31 20:32:57 浏览: 179
这是一个比较复杂的问题,需要用到广义表的基本操作,包括:创建、插入、删除、查询等。以下是一个可能的实现方法:
1. 定义结构体
首先需要定义三个结构体:本科生、研究生和导师。其中,本科生和研究生结构体只包含姓名和班级两个属性;导师结构体包含姓名、职称和学生列表(即广义表)。
```c++
struct Undergraduate {
string name;
string class_;
};
struct Graduate {
string name;
string class_;
};
struct Teacher {
string name;
string title;
vector<Teacher*> assistants; // 研究生或助教
vector<Undergraduate> undergraduates; // 本科生
};
```
2. 创建广义表
创建广义表时,可以使用递归的方式,逐层创建子表。例如,创建一个导师带有两个研究生和三个本科生的广义表:
```c++
Teacher* teacher = new Teacher{"张三", "教授"};
Teacher* assistant1 = new Teacher{"李四", "研究生"};
Teacher* assistant2 = new Teacher{"王五", "研究生"};
Teacher* sub1 = new Teacher{"赵六", "助教"};
sub1->undergraduates.push_back(Undergraduate{"小明", "一班"});
sub1->undergraduates.push_back(Undergraduate{"小红", "二班"});
Teacher* sub2 = new Teacher{"钱七", "助教"};
sub2->undergraduates.push_back(Undergraduate{"小刚", "三班"});
assistant1->assistants.push_back(sub1);
assistant2->assistants.push_back(sub2);
teacher->assistants.push_back(assistant1);
teacher->assistants.push_back(assistant2);
teacher->undergraduates.push_back(Undergraduate{"小李", "四班"});
// 输出广义表
print_teacher(teacher);
```
输出结果应为:
```
张三(教授):
李四(研究生):
赵六(助教):
小明(一班)
小红(二班)
钱七(助教):
小刚(三班)
王五(研究生):
小李(四班)
```
3. 插入和删除操作
插入和删除操作也可以使用递归实现。例如,要在上面的广义表中插入一个本科生:
```c++
void insert_undergraduate(Teacher* teacher, const Undergraduate& undergraduate) {
teacher->undergraduates.push_back(undergraduate);
}
insert_undergraduate(assistant1, Undergraduate{"小芳", "五班"});
```
要删除一个研究生或助教,可以递归遍历所有的研究生和助教,找到要删除的对象并删除:
```c++
bool remove_assistant(Teacher* teacher, const string& name) {
for (auto it = teacher->assistants.begin(); it != teacher->assistants.end(); ++it) {
if ((*it)->name == name) {
delete (*it);
teacher->assistants.erase(it);
return true;
} else {
if (remove_assistant(*it, name)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
remove_assistant(teacher, "王五");
```
4. 查询和统计操作
查询和统计操作也可以使用递归遍历实现。例如,查询某个导师所带的所有学生:
```c++
void print_teacher(Teacher* teacher) {
cout << teacher->name << "(" << teacher->title << "):" << endl;
for (auto& assistant : teacher->assistants) {
print_teacher(assistant);
}
for (auto& undergraduate : teacher->undergraduates) {
cout << "\t" << undergraduate.name << "(" << undergraduate.class_ << ")" << endl;
}
}
Teacher* find_teacher(Teacher* teacher, const string& name) {
if (teacher->name == name) {
return teacher;
} else {
for (auto& assistant : teacher->assistants) {
auto t = find_teacher(assistant, name);
if (t != nullptr) {
return t;
}
}
return nullptr;
}
}
Teacher* teacher = find_teacher(teacher, "张三");
print_teacher(teacher);
```
统计某个导师所带的研究生和本科生数量也可以递归实现:
```c++
void count_students(Teacher* teacher, int& num_graduate, int& num_undergraduate) {
for (auto& assistant : teacher->assistants) {
count_students(assistant, num_graduate, num_undergraduate);
}
num_graduate += teacher->assistants.size();
num_undergraduate += teacher->undergraduates.size();
}
int num_graduate = 0, num_undergraduate = 0;
count_students(teacher, num_graduate, num_undergraduate);
cout << "研究生数量:" << num_graduate << endl;
cout << "本科生数量:" << num_undergraduate << endl;
```
5. 输出操作
输出某个导师所带的所有学生信息也可以递归实现。例如:
```c++
void print_students(Teacher* teacher) {
for (auto& assistant : teacher->assistants) {
print_students(assistant);
}
for (auto& undergraduate : teacher->undergraduates) {
cout << undergraduate.name << "(" << undergraduate.class_ << ")" << endl;
}
}
print_students(teacher);
```
完整代码如下:
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