用c++语言写出这道题，在高校的教学改革中，有很多学校实行了本科生导师制。一个班级 的学生被分给几个老师，每个老师带领 n 个学生，如果老师还带研究生，那么研 究生也可直接负责本科生。 本科生导师制问题中的数据元素具有如下形式： ⑴ 导师带研究生：（老师,((研究生 1,(本科生 1, …, 本科生 m)), … )) ⑵ 导师不带研究生： (老师,(本科生 1, …, 本科生 m)) 导师的自然情况只包括姓名、职称； 研究生的自然情况只包括姓名、班级； 本科生的自然情况只包括姓名、班级。 实现要求： 1）插入：将某位本科生或研究生插入到广义表的相应位置； 2）删除：将某本科生或研究生从广义表中删除； 3）查询：查询导师、本科生（研究生）的情况； 4）统计：某导师带了多少个研究生和本科生； 5）输出：将某导师所带学生情况输出

以下是一个使用 C++ 语言实现本科生导师制的示例代码，包括插入、删除、查询、统计和输出功能：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Student {
public:
    string name;
    string className;
    Student(string n, string c) : name(n), className(c) {}
};

class Teacher {
public:
    string name;
    string title;
    vector<Student*> students;
    vector<pair<string, vector<Student*>>> graduateStudents;
    Teacher(string n, string t) : name(n), title(t) {}
};

class AdvisorSystem {
public:
    vector<Teacher*> teachers;
    void insertStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t, int idx = -1);
    void insertGraduateStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t);
    void deleteStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t);
    void deleteGraduateStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t);
    void queryTeacher(Teacher* t);
    void queryStudent(Student* s);
    void queryGraduateStudent(Student* s);
    void countStudents(Teacher* t);
    void outputTeacherStudents(Teacher* t);
};

void AdvisorSystem::insertStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t, int idx) {
    if (idx == -1) {
        t->students.push_back(s);
    } else {
        t->students.insert(t->students.begin() + idx, s);
    }
}

void AdvisorSystem::insertGraduateStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t) {
    for (auto& gs : t->graduateStudents) {
        if (gs.first == s->className) {
            gs.second.push_back(s);
            return;
        }
    }
    t->graduateStudents.push_back(make_pair(s->className, vector<Student*>{s}));
}

void AdvisorSystem::deleteStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t) {
    auto it = find(t->students.begin(), t->students.end(), s);
    if (it != t->students.end()) {
        t->students.erase(it);
    }
}

void AdvisorSystem::deleteGraduateStudent(Student* s, Teacher* t) {
    for (auto& gs : t->graduateStudents) {
        if (gs.first == s->className) {
            auto it = find(gs.second.begin(), gs.second.end(), s);
            if (it != gs.second.end()) {
                gs.second.erase(it);
                if (gs.second.empty()) {
                    t->graduateStudents.erase(find(t->graduateStudents.begin(), t->graduateStudents.end(), gs));
                }
            }
            return;
        }
    }
}

void AdvisorSystem::queryTeacher(Teacher* t) {
    cout << "Teacher: " << t->name << ", Title: " << t->title << endl;
}

void AdvisorSystem::queryStudent(Student* s) {
    cout << "Student: " << s->name << ", Class: " << s->className << endl;
}

void AdvisorSystem::queryGraduateStudent(Student* s) {
    cout << "Graduate Student: " << s->name << ", Class: " << s->className << endl;
}

void AdvisorSystem::countStudents(Teacher* t) {
    int nStudents = t->students.size();
    int nGraduateStudents = 0;
    for (auto& gs : t->graduateStudents) {
        nGraduateStudents += gs.second.size();
    }
    cout << "Teacher " << t->name << " has " << nStudents << " undergraduate students and " << nGraduateStudents << " graduate students." << endl;
}

void AdvisorSystem::outputTeacherStudents(Teacher* t) {
    cout << "Teacher " << t->name << " has " << t->students.size() << " undergraduate students and " << t->graduateStudents.size() << " graduate student classes." << endl;
    cout << "Undergraduate students: ";
    for (auto s : t->students) {
        cout << s->name << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Graduate students: ";
    for (auto& gs : t->graduateStudents) {
        cout << gs.first << ": ";
        for (auto s : gs.second) {
            cout << s->name << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    AdvisorSystem advisor;

    // 初始化学生和老师
    Student* s1 = new Student{"Alice", "Class1"};
    Student* s2 = new Student{"Bob", "Class1"};
    Student* s3 = new Student{"Charlie", "Class2"};
    Student* s4 = new Student{"David", "Class2"};

    Teacher* t1 = new Teacher{"Emily", "Professor"};
    Teacher* t2 = new Teacher{"Frank", "Associate Professor"};

    // 建立导师与学生的关系
    advisor.insertStudent(s1, t1);
    advisor.insertStudent(s2, t1);
    advisor.insertStudent(s3, t2);
    advisor.insertStudent(s4, t2);

    // 建立研究生与学生的关系
    Student* s5 = new Student{"Eva", "GraduateClass1"};
    Student* s6 = new Student{"Frank", "GraduateClass2"};
    advisor.insertGraduateStudent(s5, t1);
    advisor.insertGraduateStudent(s6, t2);

    // 查询导师和学生的关系
    advisor.queryTeacher(t1);
    advisor.queryStudent(s1);
    advisor.queryStudent(s2);
    advisor.queryGraduateStudent(s5);

    // 统计导师带领的学生人数
    advisor.countStudents(t1);
    advisor.countStudents(t2);

    // 输出导师带领的学生情况
    advisor.outputTeacherStudents(t1);
    advisor.outputTeacherStudents(t2);

    // 删除学生和研究生
    advisor.deleteStudent(s1, t1);
    advisor.deleteGraduateStudent(s5, t1);

    // 再次输出导师带领的学生情况
    advisor.outputTeacherStudents(t1);

    // 释放内存
    delete s1;
    delete s2;
    delete s3;
    delete s4;
    delete s5;
    delete s6;
    delete t1;
    delete t2;

    return 0;
}

在这个示例代码中，我们定义了三个类 `Student`、`Teacher` 和 `AdvisorSystem`。`Student` 和 `Teacher` 类与上一个示例代码相同，用于表示学生和导师。`AdvisorSystem` 类用于提供插入、删除、查询、统计和输出等功能。在 `main()` 函数中，我们创建了四个学生对象和两个老师对象，并将它们之间的关系建立起来。然后，我们查询了每个老师对象的本科生和研究生，统计了他们带领的学生人数，并输出了带领的学生情况。接着，我们删除了一个本科生和一个研究生，并再次输出了带领的学生情况。最后，我们释放了所有对象的内存。