用中文翻译：The anode side coolant channels W1 ~ W6 at the upper (solid lines) and lower (dashed lines) layers overlap and interweave, as shown in Fig. 11 (c). In the present model, coolant of the lower layer contact anode metallic plate directly with higher temperature than that of the upper layer. The temperature distribution results show apparent heat exchange effect between the adjacent channels at intersections of the wavy channels, for example, the W1 channel at lower layer and the W2 channel at upper layer. The heat exchange effect of the intercrossed wavy flow field is mainly caused by two thermal processes: the thermal conduction through the coolant material in contact and the thermal convection by the secondary flow induced mass transfer indicated with yellow dashed circles. Fig. 11 (d) and (e) show local temperature of the anode and cathode metallic plates. Due to the fine thermal conductivity, the maximum temperature deviation is less than 1 K. The ribs which contact the MEA directly present apparently higher temperature than the channel compartments. The edge areas show the highest temperature where the local portion of MEA generates reaction heat without coverage by the wavy coolant channels. From the thermal management point of view, the edge area of the wavy flow fields with local hot spot behavior should be concerned when designing the MBPP fuel cell stack.

热液流道W1~W6上下层（实线和虚线）重叠交错，如图11（c）所示。在当前模型中，下层冷却剂与阳极金属板直接接触，温度比上层高。温度分布结果表明，波浪流道交叉点处相邻流道之间存在明显的热交换效应，例如下层的W1流道和上层的W2流道。交错的波浪流场的热交换效应主要由两个热过程引起：接触介质中的热传导和由黄色虚线圆圈所标示的辅助流引起的热对流。图11（d）和（e）显示了阳极和阴极金属板的局部温度。由于热导率较高，最大温差不超过1 K。直接与MEA接触的肋骨表现出明显高于流道舱的温度。边缘区域显示最高温度，其中MEA的局部部分产生反应热而没有被波浪冷却流道覆盖。从热管理的角度来看，在设计MBPP燃料电池堆时，应关注具有局部热点行为的波浪流场的边缘区域。

相关问题

用中文翻译：The intersections of arc portions for the wavy channels such as (c3), (c5), (c6) and (c7) play critical role in the heat transfer of the coolant. Firstly, the y velocity component of the coolant enhances thermal convection between the two layers of adjacent coolant flow fields. Secondly, the efficient heat transfer at periodic intersections of wavy channels improves thermal uniformity in the xz plane. To optimize the heat dissipation of the stack with inversely phased wavy flow field design, geometry parameters should be paid more attention including the wave curvature, length of the periodic channel wave and the width of channel/ rib.

我们可以看到，对于像（c3），（c5），（c6）和（c7）这样的波浪状流道，弧段的交叉点起着至关重要的作用，它们有助于冷却剂的热传递。首先，冷却剂的y速度分量增强了相邻冷却剂流场之间的热对流。其次，波浪状流道的周期性交叉点处的有效热传递提高了xz平面的热均匀性。为了优化具有反相波浪流场设计的堆栈的散热性能，应该更加重视几何参数，包括波形曲率、周期性流道波的长度以及流道/肋的宽度。

用中文翻译：A coupled three-dimensional model is developed to study the internal parameter distributions of the MBPP fuel cell stack, considering fluid dynamics, electro-chemical reactions, multi-species mass transfer, twophase flow of water and thermal dynamics. The model geometry domains include anode MBPP, anode gas wavy flow field (5 parallel flow channels), anode GDL, anode catalyst layer (CL), membrane, cathode CL, cathode GDL, cathode gas wavy flow field (5 parallel flow channels), cathode MBPP and the two-layered coolant wavy flow fields at anode/cathode sides. According to the stack design, the design parameters of wavy flow fields for anode and cathode sides are the same but the phase deviation between their wave cycles presents 180◦. The two wavy flow fields of coolant, at the respective back sides of the anode and cathode plates, form the intercrossed two-layered coolant flow fields inside the MBPP, due to the phase difference of 180◦ between the wave cycles (Fig. 3). The mismatched flow field patterns between the neighbored fluid flows lead to complicated geometry and mesh building. The presented model geometry is divided into several layers (xz plane) according to the different domain materials so that the thin metallic plate and fluid domains with complicated 3D morphologies could be finely meshed layer by layer. As the real geometry of the experimental stack is too large for calculation, the modeled flow field consists of 5 parallel wavy channels, each of which includes 2 wave periods and corresponding inlet/outlet portions as well. To study the detailed thermal behavior of the presented design, the two-layered coolant fluid flow at the back side of the anode plate is considered and so is for the cathode plate. The counter flow operation is conducted where the air flows at the same direction with coolant but the opposite with hydrogen, shown in Fig. 3 (b).

研究MBPP燃料电池堆内部参数分布的三维耦合模型被建立，考虑流体力学、电化学反应、多物种质量转移、水的两相流动和热力学。模型几何域包括阳极MBPP、阳极气体波浪流场（5个平行流道）、阳极GDL、阳极催化层（CL）、膜、阴极CL、阴极GDL、阴极气体波浪流场（5个平行流道）、阴极MBPP和阳极/阴极两层冷却剂波浪流场。根据堆设计，阳极和阴极侧波浪流场的设计参数相同，但其波浪周期之间的相位偏差为180°。阳极板背面和阴极板背面的两个波浪流场形成交叉的两层冷却剂流场，由于波浪周期之间的相位差为180°（图3）。相邻流体流动之间的不匹配流场模式导致复杂的几何和网格构建。所提出的模型几何体根据不同的域材料分为几层（xz平面），以