如何使用C++指针编写一个程序来实现以下功能：首先，提示用户输入学生的名字和考试分数；然后，计算并输出整个班级的平均分；接着，找出并显示所有考试分数低于平均分的学生的姓名和对应分数；最后，找到并输出最高的考试分数以及对应的学员姓名。这个程序应该如何设计和组织？

为了实现这个功能，我们可以创建一个名为`Student`的结构体或类，包含学生的姓名和分数。然后，我们可以定义一个动态数组（vector）来存储整个班级的学生信息，因为我们需要添加、删除和查找元素。下面是程序的主要步骤：

1. 定义`Student`类/结构体:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

class Student {
public:
    std::string name;
    double score;

    // 构造函数和获取名字和分数的方法
    Student(const std::string& n, double s) : name(n), score(s) {}
    std::string getName() const { return name; }
    double getScore() const { return score; }
};

2. 创建一个动态数组来存储学生：

std::vector<Student> students;

3. 提示用户输入学生数据并添加到数组中：

int main() {
    int numStudents;
    std::cout << "Enter the number of students: ";
    std::cin >> numStudents;

    for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; ++i) {
        std::string name;
        double score;
        std::cout << "Enter student " << i+1 << "'s name and score: ";
        std::cin >> name >> score;
        students.push_back(Student(name, score));
    }

    // ...
}

4. 计算平均分并输出：

double averageScore = 0.0;
for (const auto& student : students) {
    averageScore += student.getScore();
}
averageScore /= numStudents;
std::cout << "The class average score is: " << averageScore << "\n";

5. 找出并显示分数低于平均分的学生：

std::vector<Student> belowAverage;
for (const auto& student : students) {
    if (student.getScore() < averageScore) {
        belowAverage.push_back(student);
    }
}

if (!belowAverage.empty()) {
    std::cout << "Students with scores below average:\n";
    for (const auto& student : belowAverage) {
        std::cout << student.getName() << ": " << student.getScore() << "\n";
    }
} else {
    std::cout << "No students have a score below the average.\n";
}

6. 找到并输出最高分数及其对应的学生姓名：

if (students.size() > 0) {
    auto maxScoreIndex = std::max_element(students.begin(), students.end(),
                                          [](const auto& a, const auto& b) -> bool {
                                              return a.getScore() < b.getScore();
                                          });
    Student* maxScoreStudent = maxScoreIndex == students.end() ? nullptr : &(*maxScoreIndex);
    if (maxScoreStudent) {
        std::cout << "The highest score is by " << maxScoreStudent->getName()
                  << " with a score of " << maxScoreStudent->getScore() << ".\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "There are no students to compare for the highest score.\n";
    }
} else {
    std::cout << "The list is empty.\n";
}