存在的问题及发展趋势 目前，地下水评价、监测、保护、利用、机理等领域的研究均取得了显著进展，但在地表水-地下水相互转化机制、地表水-地下水联合调控、地下水监测预警、地下水可持续开发利用与保护等领域，仍然有待进一步完善。翻译为美式英语

Currently, significant progress has been made in the fields of groundwater evaluation, monitoring, protection, utilization, and mechanisms. However, further improvements are needed in areas such as the mechanism of surface water-groundwater conversion, joint regulation of surface water-groundwater, groundwater monitoring and early warning, as well as sustainable development, utilization, and protection of groundwater.