np_utils.to_categorical(y_train)

时间: 2024-01-21 08:19:28 浏览: 26
这是 Keras 中的一个函数,用于将一维的类别标签向量转换成独热编码矩阵。具体来说,假设 y_train 是一个长度为 n 的一维数组,取值范围为 0 到 num_classes - 1,那么 np_utils.to_categorical(y_train) 将返回一个形状为 (n, num_classes) 的二维数组,每一行表示一个样本的独热编码。例如,如果 y_train = [0, 2, 1, 1, 0] 且 num_classes = 3,则转换后的结果为: ``` [[1. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 1.] [0. 1. 0.] [0. 1. 0.] [1. 0. 0.]] ``` 其中每一行表示一个样本的独热编码。
相关问题

y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(y_train, 10) y_test = np_utils.to_categorical(y_test, 10)是什么意思

这是将分类标签转换为one-hot编码的代码,其中: - `y_train` 和 `y_test` 是样本的分类标签,每个标签是一个整数值,表示该样本属于哪个类别。 - `np_utils.to_categorical` 是 Keras 中的一个实用函数,用于将整数型的类别标签转换为 one-hot 编码形式。 - `10` 是类别总数,即分类问题中的类别数目,这里假设有 10 个类别。 举个例子,如果有一组分类问题的标签如下: ``` [0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0, 4] ``` 那么经过 `np_utils.to_categorical` 转换之后,得到的结果将是一个形状为 `(10, 5)` 的矩阵,其中每一行表示一个标签,每个标签被转换为一个长度为 5 的 one-hot 向量,如下所示: ``` [[1. 0. 0. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 0. 1. 0.] [0. 0. 1. 0. 0.] [0. 1. 0. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 0. 0. 1.] [0. 0. 1. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 0. 1. 0.] [0. 1. 0. 0. 0.] [1. 0. 0. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 0. 0. 1.]] ``` 这样做的目的是为了让机器学习模型更好地理解和处理分类问题。

Unused import statement 'from keras.utils.np_utils import to_categorical'

这个错误信息表示你的代码中导入了 `from keras.utils.np_utils import to_categorical` 这个模块,但是并没有在代码中使用到它。这样的导入语句会增加代码的复杂度和运行时间,因此建议将其删除。 如果你确实需要使用 `to_categorical` 这个函数,那么你可以在代码中调用它,例如: ```python from keras.utils.np_utils import to_categorical # 将标签转换为 one-hot 编码 y_train = to_categorical(y_train, num_classes=10) ``` 这样就不会出现上述的警告信息了。

相关推荐

from keras.datasets import cifar10 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D from keras.utils import np_utils from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense,Dropout,Flatten (train_image,train_label),(test_image,test_label)=cifar10.load_data() dict={0:'airplane',1:'automobile',2:'bird',3:'cat',4:'deer',5:'dog',6:'frog',7:'horse',8:'ship',9:'truck'} for i in range(0,12): plt.subplot(3,4,i+1) plt.imshow(train_image[i]) plt.title(dict[train_label[i,0]],fontsize=8) #plt.show() #步骤二:数据预处理 Train_image=train_image.astype('float32')/255 Test_image=test_image.astype('float32')/255 Train_Onehot=np_utils.to_categorical(train_label) Train_Onehot=np_utils.to_categorical(test_label) #步骤三:建立模型 model=Sequential() model.add(Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=(3,3), input_shape=(32,32,3), padding='same', activation='relu', )) model.add(Dropout(0.25)) model.add(MaxPooling2D( pool_size=(2,2))) model.add(Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same', activation='relu', )) #添加dropout,避免过拟合 model.add(Dropout(0.25)) #添加池化层2 model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2))) #添加平坦层 model.add(Flatten()) #添加dropout model.add(Dropout(0.25)) #添加隐藏层 model.add(Dense(1024,activation='relu')) #添加dropout model.add(Dropout(0.25)) #输出层 model.add(Dense(units=10,activation='softmax')) #打印模型 print(model.summary()) #步骤四:模型训练 model.compile( optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'],) #训练模型 #epoch:训练5个周期 #batch_size:每一批次128项数据 #verbose=2:显示训练过程 #validation_split=0.2. model.fit(x=Train_image, y=Train_Onehot, batch_size=128, epochs=10, verbose=2, validation_split=0.2, ) model.save('cifar10.h5')出现了Input arrays should have the same number of samples as target arrays. Found 50000 input samples and 10000 target samples.错误,我应该怎么改

介绍一下这段代码的Depthwise卷积层def get_data4EEGNet(kernels, chans, samples): K.set_image_data_format('channels_last') data_path = '/Users/Administrator/Desktop/project 5-5-1/' raw_fname = data_path + 'concatenated.fif' event_fname = data_path + 'concatenated.fif' tmin, tmax = -0.5, 0.5 #event_id = dict(aud_l=769, aud_r=770, foot=771, tongue=772) raw = io.Raw(raw_fname, preload=True, verbose=False) raw.filter(2, None, method='iir') events, event_id = mne.events_from_annotations(raw, event_id={'769': 1, '770': 2,'770': 3, '771': 4}) #raw.info['bads'] = ['MEG 2443'] picks = mne.pick_types(raw.info, meg=False, eeg=True, stim=False, eog=False) epochs = mne.Epochs(raw, events, event_id, tmin, tmax, proj=False, picks=picks, baseline=None, preload=True, verbose=False) labels = epochs.events[:, -1] print(len(labels)) print(len(epochs)) #epochs.plot(block=True) X = epochs.get_data() * 250 y = labels X_train = X[0:144,] Y_train = y[0:144] X_validate = X[144:216, ] Y_validate = y[144:216] X_test = X[216:, ] Y_test = y[216:] Y_train = np_utils.to_categorical(Y_train - 1) Y_validate = np_utils.to_categorical(Y_validate - 1) Y_test = np_utils.to_categorical(Y_test - 1) X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], chans, samples, kernels) X_validate = X_validate.reshape(X_validate.shape[0], chans, samples, kernels) X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], chans, samples, kernels) return X_train, X_validate, X_test, Y_train, Y_validate, Y_test kernels, chans, samples = 1, 3, 251 X_train, X_validate, X_test, Y_train, Y_validate, Y_test = get_data4EEGNet(kernels, chans, samples) model = EEGNet(nb_classes=3, Chans=chans, Samples=samples, dropoutRate=0.5, kernLength=32, F1=8, D=2, F2=16, dropoutType='Dropout') model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy']) checkpointer = ModelCheckpoint(filepath='/Users/XXX/baseline.h5', verbose=1, save_best_only=True) class_weights = {0: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1} fittedModel = model.fit(X_train, Y_train, batch_size=2, epochs=100, verbose=2, validation_data=(X_validate, Y_validate), callbacks=[checkpointer], class_weight=class_weights) probs = model.predict(X_test) preds = probs.argmax(axis=-1) acc = np.mean(preds == Y_test.argmax(axis=-1)) print("Classification accuracy: %f " % (acc))

下面的代码哪里有问题,帮我改一下from __future__ import print_function import numpy as np import tensorflow import keras from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense,Dropout,Flatten from keras.layers import Conv2D,MaxPooling2D from keras import backend as K import tensorflow as tf import datetime import os np.random.seed(0) from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from PIL import Image import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from keras.datasets import mnist images = [] labels = [] (x_train,y_train),(x_test,y_test)=mnist.load_data() X = np.array(images) print (X.shape) y = np.array(list(map(int, labels))) print (y.shape) x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.30, random_state=0) print (x_train.shape) print (x_test.shape) print (y_train.shape) print (y_test.shape) ############################ ########## batch_size = 20 num_classes = 4 learning_rate = 0.0001 epochs = 10 img_rows,img_cols = 32 , 32 if K.image_data_format() =='channels_first': x_train =x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0],1,img_rows,img_cols) x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0],1,img_rows,img_cols) input_shape = (1,img_rows,img_cols) else: x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0],img_rows,img_cols,1) x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0],img_rows,img_cols,1) input_shape =(img_rows,img_cols,1) x_train =x_train.astype('float32') x_test = x_test.astype('float32') x_train /= 255 x_test /= 255 print('x_train shape:',x_train.shape) print(x_train.shape[0],'train samples') print(x_test.shape[0],'test samples')

import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ## Let us define a plt function for simplicity def plt_loss(x,training_metric,testing_metric,ax,colors = ['b']): ax.plot(x,training_metric,'b',label = 'Train') ax.plot(x,testing_metric,'k',label = 'Test') ax.set_xlabel('Epochs') ax.set_ylabel('Accuarcy')# ax.set_ylabel('Categorical Crossentropy Loss') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show() tf.keras.utils.set_random_seed(1) ## We import the Minist Dataset using Keras.datasets (train_data, train_labels), (test_data, test_labels) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data() ## We first vectorize the image (28*28) into a vector (784) train_data = train_data.reshape(train_data.shape[0],train_data.shape[1]*train_data.shape[2]) # 60000*784 test_data = test_data.reshape(test_data.shape[0],test_data.shape[1]*test_data.shape[2]) # 10000*784 ## We next change label number to a 10 dimensional vector, e.g., 1->[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0] train_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(train_labels,10) test_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(test_labels,10) ## start to build a MLP model N_batch_size = 5000 N_epochs = 100 lr = 0.01 # ## we build a three layer model, 784 -> 64 -> 10 MLP_3 = keras.models.Sequential([ keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=(784,),activation='relu'), keras.layers.Dense(10,activation='softmax') ]) MLP_3.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adam(lr), loss= 'categorical_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy'] ) History = MLP_3.fit(train_data,train_labels, batch_size = N_batch_size, epochs = N_epochs,validation_data=(test_data,test_labels), shuffle=False) train_acc = History.history['accuracy'] test_acc = History.history['val_accuracy']模仿此段代码,写一个双隐层感知器(输入层784,第一隐层128,第二隐层64,输出层10)

以下代码出现input depth must be evenly divisible by filter depth: 1 vs 3错误是为什么,代码应该怎么改import tensorflow as tf from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D from keras.optimizers import SGD from keras.utils import np_utils from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16 import numpy # 加载FER2013数据集 with open('E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/fer2013.csv') as f: content = f.readlines() lines = numpy.array(content) num_of_instances = lines.size print("Number of instances: ", num_of_instances) # 定义X和Y X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test = [], [], [], [] # 按行分割数据 for i in range(1, num_of_instances): try: emotion, img, usage = lines[i].split(",") val = img.split(" ") pixels = numpy.array(val, 'float32') emotion = np_utils.to_categorical(emotion, 7) if 'Training' in usage: X_train.append(pixels) y_train.append(emotion) elif 'PublicTest' in usage: X_test.append(pixels) y_test.append(emotion) finally: print("", end="") # 转换成numpy数组 X_train = numpy.array(X_train, 'float32') y_train = numpy.array(y_train, 'float32') X_test = numpy.array(X_test, 'float32') y_test = numpy.array(y_test, 'float32') # 数据预处理 X_train /= 255 X_test /= 255 X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) # 定义VGG16模型 vgg16_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(48, 48, 3)) # 微调模型 model = Sequential() model.add(vgg16_model) model.add(Flatten()) model.add(Dense(256, activation='relu')) model.add(Dropout(0.5)) model.add(Dense(7, activation='softmax')) for layer in model.layers[:1]: layer.trainable = False # 定义优化器和损失函数 sgd = SGD(lr=0.01, decay=1e-6, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True) model.compile(optimizer=sgd, loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) # 数据增强 datagen = ImageDataGenerator( featurewise_center=False, featurewise_std_normalization=False, rotation_range=20, width_shift_range=0.2, height_shift_range=0.2, horizontal_flip=True) datagen.fit(X_train) # 训练模型 model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=32), steps_per_epoch=len(X_train) / 32, epochs=10) # 评估模型 score = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, batch_size=32) print("Test Loss:", score[0]) print("Test Accuracy:", score[1])

import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras import matplotlib.pyplot as plt Let us define a plt function for simplicity def plt_loss(x,training_metric,testing_metric,ax,colors = ['b']): ax.plot(x,training_metric,'b',label = 'Train') ax.plot(x,testing_metric,'k',label = 'Test') ax.set_xlabel('Epochs') ax.set_ylabel('Accuracy') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show() tf.keras.utils.set_random_seed(1) We import the Minist Dataset using Keras.datasets (train_data, train_labels), (test_data, test_labels) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data() We first vectorize the image (28*28) into a vector (784) train_data = train_data.reshape(train_data.shape[0],train_data.shape[1]train_data.shape[2]) # 60000784 test_data = test_data.reshape(test_data.shape[0],test_data.shape[1]test_data.shape[2]) # 10000784 We next change label number to a 10 dimensional vector, e.g., 1-> train_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(train_labels,10) test_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(test_labels,10) start to build a MLP model N_batch_size = 5000 N_epochs = 100 lr = 0.01 we build a three layer model, 784 -> 64 -> 10 MLP_3 = keras.models.Sequential([ keras.layers.Dense(128, input_shape=(784,),activation='relu'), keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'), keras.layers.Dense(10,activation='softmax') ]) MLP_3.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adam(lr), loss= 'categorical_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy'] ) History = MLP_3.fit(train_data,train_labels, batch_size = N_batch_size, epochs = N_epochs,validation_data=(test_data,test_labels), shuffle=False) train_acc = History.history['accuracy'] test_acc = History.history对于该模型,使用不同数量的训练数据(5000,10000,15000,…,60000,公差=5000的等差数列),绘制训练集和测试集准确率(纵轴)关于训练数据大小(横轴)的曲线

import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ## Let us define a plt function for simplicity def plt_loss(x,training_metric,testing_metric,ax,colors = ['b']): ax.plot(x,training_metric,'b',label = 'Train') ax.plot(x,testing_metric,'k',label = 'Test') ax.set_xlabel('Epochs') ax.set_ylabel('Accuarcy')# ax.set_ylabel('Categorical Crossentropy Loss') plt.legend() plt.grid() plt.show() tf.keras.utils.set_random_seed(1) ## We import the Minist Dataset using Keras.datasets (train_data, train_labels), (test_data, test_labels) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data() ## We first vectorize the image (28*28) into a vector (784) train_data = train_data.reshape(train_data.shape[0],train_data.shape[1]train_data.shape[2]) # 60000784 test_data = test_data.reshape(test_data.shape[0],test_data.shape[1]test_data.shape[2]) # 10000784 ## We next change label number to a 10 dimensional vector, e.g., 1->[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0] train_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(train_labels,10) test_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(test_labels,10) ## start to build a MLP model N_batch_size = 5000 N_epochs = 100 lr = 0.01 ## we build a three layer model, 784 -> 64 -> 10 MLP_4 = keras.models.Sequential([ keras.layers.Dense(128, input_shape=(784,),activation='relu'), keras.layers.Dense(64,activation='relu'), keras.layers.Dense(10,activation='softmax') ]) MLP_4.compile( optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adam(lr), loss= 'categorical_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy'] ) History = MLP_4.fit(train_data[:10000],train_labels[:10000], batch_size = N_batch_size, epochs = N_epochs,validation_data=(test_data,test_labels), shuffle=False) train_acc = History.history['accuracy'] test_acc = History.history['val_accuracy']在该模型中加入early stopping,使用monitor='loss', patience = 2设置代码

最新推荐

recommend-type

Scratch 手速判断游戏:反弹之神.sb3

游戏警报:潜入“反弹”,这是一种充满活力的街机体验,你的反应主宰了竞技场!受youtuber Dani 一天游戏挑战的启发,你就是一个肩负使命的球:发射、得分、生存! 为你的射击蓄力:按住鼠标等待射击时间。 瞄准并发射:释放以朝光标射击。距离等于速度和弹跳力! 得分:击球得分。 避开格林:他们是游戏终结者! 阻止红色和紫色:如果他们垫底,他们会伤害你的健康。紫色添加了随机反弹的狂野扭曲! SJA 分析数据: · 代码数量: 代码总数:4775 ,有效代码:4671 ,代码块:164 ; · 高级编辑: 扩展种类:2 ,函数定义:49 ,变量 & 列表定义:165 ; · 资源数量: 角色数:12 ,造型数量:444 ,音频数量:54 ; · 资源大小: 工程大小:19.1MB ,音频大小:15.4MB ,造型大小:1.7MB 。 此后仍有作品或有趣游戏,可以进行学习与借鉴。请关注作者,且点赞加收藏,记得推荐好友。下载即可游玩,快来下载吧!五星好评可以私信我,免费送资源!快来评论吧!
recommend-type

【课程设计】实现的金融风控贷款违约预测python源码.zip

【课程设计】实现的金融风控贷款违约预测python源码.zip
recommend-type

zigbee-cluster-library-specification

最新的zigbee-cluster-library-specification说明文档。
recommend-type

管理建模和仿真的文件

管理Boualem Benatallah引用此版本:布阿利姆·贝纳塔拉。管理建模和仿真。约瑟夫-傅立叶大学-格勒诺布尔第一大学,1996年。法语。NNT:电话:00345357HAL ID:电话:00345357https://theses.hal.science/tel-003453572008年12月9日提交HAL是一个多学科的开放存取档案馆,用于存放和传播科学研究论文,无论它们是否被公开。论文可以来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构,也可以来自公共或私人研究中心。L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire
recommend-type

实现实时数据湖架构:Kafka与Hive集成

![实现实时数据湖架构:Kafka与Hive集成](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/10eb2e6972b3b6086286fc64c0b3ee41.jpeg) # 1. 实时数据湖架构概述** 实时数据湖是一种现代数据管理架构,它允许企业以低延迟的方式收集、存储和处理大量数据。与传统数据仓库不同,实时数据湖不依赖于预先定义的模式,而是采用灵活的架构,可以处理各种数据类型和格式。这种架构为企业提供了以下优势: - **实时洞察:**实时数据湖允许企业访问最新的数据,从而做出更明智的决策。 - **数据民主化:**实时数据湖使各种利益相关者都可
recommend-type

SPDK_NVMF_DISCOVERY_NQN是什么 有什么作用

SPDK_NVMF_DISCOVERY_NQN 是 SPDK (Storage Performance Development Kit) 中用于查询 NVMf (Non-Volatile Memory express over Fabrics) 存储设备名称的协议。NVMf 是一种基于网络的存储协议,可用于连接远程非易失性内存存储器。 SPDK_NVMF_DISCOVERY_NQN 的作用是让存储应用程序能够通过 SPDK 查询 NVMf 存储设备的名称,以便能够访问这些存储设备。通过查询 NVMf 存储设备名称,存储应用程序可以获取必要的信息,例如存储设备的IP地址、端口号、名称等,以便能
recommend-type

JSBSim Reference Manual

JSBSim参考手册,其中包含JSBSim简介,JSBSim配置文件xml的编写语法,编程手册以及一些应用实例等。其中有部分内容还没有写完,估计有生之年很难看到完整版了,但是内容还是很有参考价值的。
recommend-type

"互动学习:行动中的多样性与论文攻读经历"

多样性她- 事实上SCI NCES你的时间表ECOLEDO C Tora SC和NCESPOUR l’Ingén学习互动,互动学习以行动为中心的强化学习学会互动,互动学习,以行动为中心的强化学习计算机科学博士论文于2021年9月28日在Villeneuve d'Asq公开支持马修·瑟林评审团主席法布里斯·勒菲弗尔阿维尼翁大学教授论文指导奥利维尔·皮耶昆谷歌研究教授:智囊团论文联合主任菲利普·普雷教授,大学。里尔/CRISTAL/因里亚报告员奥利维耶·西格德索邦大学报告员卢多维奇·德诺耶教授,Facebook /索邦大学审查员越南圣迈IMT Atlantic高级讲师邀请弗洛里安·斯特鲁布博士,Deepmind对于那些及时看到自己错误的人...3谢谢你首先,我要感谢我的两位博士生导师Olivier和Philippe。奥利维尔,"站在巨人的肩膀上"这句话对你来说完全有意义了。从科学上讲,你知道在这篇论文的(许多)错误中,你是我可以依
recommend-type

实现实时监控告警系统:Kafka与Grafana整合

![实现实时监控告警系统:Kafka与Grafana整合](https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X2pwZy9BVldpY3ladXVDbEZpY1pLWmw2bUVaWXFUcEdLT1VDdkxRSmQxZXB5R1lxaWNlUjA2c0hFek5Qc3FyRktudFF1VDMxQVl3QTRXV2lhSWFRMEFRc0I1cW1ZOGcvNjQw?x-oss-process=image/format,png) # 1.1 Kafka集群架构 Kafka集群由多个称为代理的服务器组成,这
recommend-type

Windows 运行Python脚本

要在 Windows 上运行 Python 脚本,你需要先安装 Python。可以从官网下载 Python 安装包并按照提示进行安装。安装完成后,就可以在命令行中输入 `python` 命令,进入 Python 解释器环境。 接着,你可以编写 Python 脚本,保存为 `.py` 后缀的文件。在命令行中进入脚本所在的目录,输入 `python script.py` 命令来运行脚本。其中 `script.py` 是你的脚本文件名。 如果你想在 Windows 上运行一个 Python 程序,但不想打开命令行窗口,可以将脚本文件拖动到 Python 可执行文件 `python.exe` 上,