out = F.relu(out)和out = nn.ReLu(out)的区别

时间: 2024-04-15 08:24:53 浏览: 13
`F.relu(out)`和`nn.ReLU()(out)`实际上是相同的,都是使用了ReLU激活函数对`out`进行非线性变换。 在PyTorch中,`F.relu()`是一个函数,它是`torch.nn.functional`模块中的一个函数,用于对输入进行ReLU激活操作。这个函数可以直接应用于任何张量上,不需要实例化任何对象。 而`nn.ReLU()`则是一个类,它是`torch.nn`模块中的一个类,用于构建ReLU激活函数的实例。当我们使用`nn.ReLU()`时,需要将其作为一个层添加到模型中,并通过调用该层的实例对输入进行激活操作。 因此,`F.relu(out)`可以在任何地方使用,而`nn.ReLU()(out)`需要将其作为层添加到模型中使用。两者的效果是相同的,只是使用方式略有不同。
相关问题

out = nn.ReLU(out)和out = nn.ReLU()(out)的区别

`out = nn.ReLU(out)`和`out = nn.ReLU()(out)`的区别在于是否在ReLU层上调用函数。 - `out = nn.ReLU(out)`:这种写法将ReLU层作为一个对象调用,并将输入张量`out`传递给该层。它会对输入张量进行非线性变换,并将结果保存到`out`变量中。这种写法适用于需要多次使用同一个ReLU层的情况。 - `out = nn.ReLU()(out)`:这种写法将ReLU层实例化为一个对象,然后立即对输入张量`out`进行非线性变换,并将结果保存到`out`变量中。这种写法适用于只需要使用一次ReLU层的情况。 两种写法的效果是相同的,都是对输入张量进行ReLU激活函数的操作。选择哪种写法取决于具体的使用场景和个人偏好。

为以下每句代码做注释:class Bottleneck(nn.Module): expansion = 4 def init(self, in_channel, out_channel, stride=1, downsample=None): super(Bottleneck, self).init() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False) # squeeze channels self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, bias=False, padding=1) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False) # unsqueeze channels self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel * self.expansion) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.downsample = downsample def forward(self, x): identity = x if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x) out = self.conv1(x) out = self.bn1(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv2(out) out = self.bn2(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv3(out) out = self.bn3(out) out += identity out = self.relu(out) return out

这段代码定义了一个名为 Bottleneck 的类,继承自 nn.Module。Bottleneck 是 ResNet 中的一种基础块,由三个卷积层组成。 - expansion = 4:用于扩展通道数,即输出通道数是输入通道数的 expansion 倍。 - def __init__(self, in_channel, out_channel, stride=1, downsample=None):构造函数,传入参数为输入通道数、输出通道数、步幅和下采样。 - super(Bottleneck, self).__init__():调用父类的构造函数。 - self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False):第一个卷积层,使用 1x1 的卷积核进行降维,减少通道数。 - self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel):第一个 BatchNormalization 层。 - self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, bias=False, padding=1):第二个卷积层,使用 3x3 的卷积核进行特征提取。 - self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel):第二个 BatchNormalization 层。 - self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=out_channel, out_channels=out_channel * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False):第三个卷积层,使用 1x1 的卷积核进行升维,扩展通道数。 - self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel * self.expansion):第三个 BatchNormalization 层。 - self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True):ReLU 激活函数。 - self.downsample = downsample:下采样函数,用于调整输入和输出的维度。 - def forward(self, x):前向传播函数,传入参数为输入数据 x。 - identity = x:将输入数据保存下来。 - if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x):如果下采样函数不为空,则使用下采样函数调整输入数据。 - out = self.conv1(x):第一个卷积层的前向传播。 - out = self.bn1(out):第一个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。 - out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。 - out = self.conv2(out):第二个卷积层的前向传播。 - out = self.bn2(out):第二个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。 - out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。 - out = self.conv3(out):第三个卷积层的前向传播。 - out = self.bn3(out):第三个 BatchNormalization 层的前向传播。 - out += identity:将输入数据和经过卷积后的数据相加,实现残差连接。 - out = self.relu(out):ReLU 激活函数的前向传播。 - return out:返回经过 Bottleneck 块处理后的数据。

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基于300条数据用CNN多分类预测时,训练精度特别差,代码如下class Model(Module): def __init__(self): super(Model, self).__init__() self.conv1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3,out_channels=64,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn1_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.relu1_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=4, stride=4) self.conv2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=64,out_channels=128,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn2_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(128) self.relu2_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=128,out_channels=256,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn3_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(256) self.relu3_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv4_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv5_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv5_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool5 = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(5) self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.3) self.fc1=nn.Linear(512*5*5,512) self.relu6=nn.ReLU() self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.2) self.fc2=nn.Linear(512,141) ,具体如何修改代码

class BasicBlock2D(nn.Module): expansion = 1 def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1): super(BasicBlock2D, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.shortcut = nn.Sequential() if stride != 1 or in_channels != self.expansion * out_channels: self.shortcut = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(in_channels, self.expansion * out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False), nn.BatchNorm2d(self.expansion * out_channels) ) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.bn2(self.conv2(out)) out += self.shortcut(x) out = F.relu(out) return out # 定义二维ResNet-18模型 class ResNet18_2D(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_classes=1000): super(ResNet18_2D, self).__init__() self.in_channels = 64 self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1) self.layer1 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 64, 2, stride=1) self.layer2 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 128, 2, stride=2) self.layer3 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 256, 2, stride=2) self.layer4 = self._make_layer(BasicBlock2D, 512, 2, stride=2) self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)) self.fc = nn.Linear(512 , 512) def _make_layer(self, block, out_channels, num_blocks, stride): layers = [] layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride)) self.in_channels = out_channels * block.expansion for _ in range(1, num_blocks): layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels)) return nn.Sequential(*layers) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.maxpool(out) out = self.layer1(out) out = self.layer2(out) out = self.layer3(out) out = self.layer4(out) out = self.avgpool(out) # print(out.shape) out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) out = self.fc(out) return out改为用稀疏表示替换全连接层

import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F from torch.autograd import Variable class Bottleneck(nn.Module): def init(self, last_planes, in_planes, out_planes, dense_depth, stride, first_layer): super(Bottleneck, self).init() self.out_planes = out_planes self.dense_depth = dense_depth self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(last_planes, in_planes, kernel_size=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(in_planes) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, groups=32, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(in_planes) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes+dense_depth, kernel_size=1, bias=False) self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes+dense_depth) self.shortcut = nn.Sequential() if first_layer: self.shortcut = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(last_planes, out_planes+dense_depth, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False), nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes+dense_depth) ) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(out))) out = self.bn3(self.conv3(out)) x = self.shortcut(x) d = self.out_planes out = torch.cat([x[:,:d,:,:]+out[:,:d,:,:], x[:,d:,:,:], out[:,d:,:,:]], 1) out = F.relu(out) return out class DPN(nn.Module): def init(self, cfg): super(DPN, self).init() in_planes, out_planes = cfg['in_planes'], cfg['out_planes'] num_blocks, dense_depth = cfg['num_blocks'], cfg['dense_depth'] self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.last_planes = 64 self.layer1 = self._make_layer(in_planes[0], out_planes[0], num_blocks[0], dense_depth[0], stride=1) self.layer2 = self._make_layer(in_planes[1], out_planes[1], num_blocks[1], dense_depth[1], stride=2) self.layer3 = self._make_layer(in_planes[2], out_planes[2], num_blocks[2], dense_depth[2], stride=2) self.layer4 = self._make_layer(in_planes[3], out_planes[3], num_blocks[3], dense_depth[3], stride=2) self.linear = nn.Linear(out_planes[3]+(num_blocks[3]+1)dense_depth[3], 10) def _make_layer(self, in_planes, out_planes, num_blocks, dense_depth, stride): strides = [stride] + 1 layers = [] for i,stride in (strides): layers.append(Bottleneck(self.last_planes, in_planes, out_planes, dense_depth, stride, i==0)) self.last_planes = out_planes + (i+2) * dense_depth return nn.Sequential(*layers) def forward(self, x): out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) out = self.layer1(out) out = self.layer2(out) out = self.layer3(out) out = self.layer4(out) out = F.avg_pool2d(out, 4) out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) out = self.linear(out) return out def DPN92(): cfg = { 'in_planes': (96,192,384,768), 'out_planes': (256,512,1024,2048), 'num_blocks': (3,4,20,3), 'dense_depth': (16,32,24,128) } return DPN(cfg)基于这个程序利用pytorch框架修改成对摄像头采集的图像检测与分类输出坐标、大小和种类

class ASPP(nn.Module) def init(self, dim_in, dim_out, rate=1, bn_mom=0.1) super(ASPP, self).init() self.branch1 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 1, 1, padding=0, dilation=rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) self.branch2 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=4 rate, dilation=4 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) self.branch3 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=8 rate, dilation=8 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) self.branch4 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=12 rate, dilation=12 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) self.branch5 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=16 rate, dilation=16 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) self.branch6 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=20 rate, dilation=20 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True) ) self.branch7 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=24 rate, dilation=24 rate, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True) ) self.branch8_conv = nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 1, 1, 0, bias=True) self.branch8_bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom) self.branch8_relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.conv_cat = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(dim_out 8, dim_out, 1, 1, padding=0, bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), ) def forward(self, x) [b, c, row, col] = x.size() conv1x1 = self.branch1(x) conv3x3_1 = self.branch2(x) conv3x3_2 = self.branch3(x) conv3x3_3 = self.branch4(x) conv3x3_4 = self.branch5(x) conv3x3_5 = self.branch6(x) conv3x3_6 = self.branch7(x) global_feature = torch.mean(x, 2, True) global_feature = torch.mean(global_feature, 3, True) global_feature = self.branch8_conv(global_feature) global_feature = self.branch8_bn(global_feature) global_feature = self.branch8_relu(global_feature) global_feature = F.interpolate(global_feature, (row, col), None, 'bilinear', True) feature_cat = torch.cat([conv1x1, conv3x3_1, conv3x3_2, conv3x3_3, conv3x3_4, conv3x3_5, conv3x3_6, global_feature], dim=1) result = self.conv_cat(feature_cat) return result用深度可分离卷积代替这段代码的3×3卷积

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